Comic Relief

Kaylee King Per. 2 Comic Relief Shakespeare’s element of comic relief in his plays provides more than just mere pieces of entertainment for the groundlings; it allows a break from the dense and sometimes evil continuity of the play. Comic scenes provide relief to the audience while building up the intensity from earlier scenes. Sometimes appearing out of place within the play, the scenes and characters are still significant roles in advancing the play. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet comic relief is supplied throughout the plot through the character of Polonius.Polonius, a foolish old man with a lot to say, is able to produce the amount of relief necessary to his audience. With his long speeches and pleasing manner, Polonius sets a certain tone towards the entirety of the play. Time and time again he gives the old â€Å"when I was your age speech† and assumes the role of a parent to everyone, giving his unwanted and disregarded opinion. When a player about the death of P riam makes a deep and eloquent speech, Polonius interrupts by simply saying, â€Å"This is too long. † This being said was entirely ironic because of the long and seemingly pointless speeches that Polonius dishes out to anyone able to hear.Shakespeare’s use of Polonius as a comic character is significant towards the overall tone of the play. The depressing and death filled play needs a comic way to show its tragic nature through a sort of dark humor. Hamlet’s many remarks regarding death and old age towards Polonius is a prime example of this. Polonius being the foolish elderly man he is, provides an easy target for Hamlet so called ‘humor. ’ Jokes of murder and death, although humorous, provide an edge of darkness to the tone of Hamlet.

Ties that Bind: Societal Transformation in the Face of Relocation

The Ojibwa, a culturally heterogeneous people which called themselves Anishnabe, were historically, not a single tribe in the political sense but rather organized into a number of bands (or sub-tribes) who shared the same language and culture, yet their customs however also varied from one band to another.These bands were divided into permanent clans, which originally were subdivided into five groups from which more than twenty clans developed. Of these, a clan would claim hereditary chieftainship of the tribe while another claims precedence in the council of war.The family played an important role in their society, as clans were simply clusters of related families claiming a common ancestor. The division of labor was well established – men hunted and gathered food, and built weapons and other tools while women carried water, cooked food meals, wove cloth, fashioned pottery and tended the home, though either or both sexes could farm the land, prepare animal skins etc.Though th e family or the extended unit of the clan for that matter, had a strong influence on the broader social structures of Ojibwa community life, societal functions which tend to promote the good of the community generally determined the roles individuals were expected to play.Caring for and educating children were a clan affair, the children learning by example the tribe’s cultural values, e.g. strength of character, wisdom and endurance, and through oral traditions and the telling of stories, and participation in religious ceremonies.The Ojibwa of Grassy Narrows were devastated by changes to their community upon contact with modern industrial society. The Ojibwa encounter with modernization ultimately destroyed their traditional way of life, painfully emphasized by the poisoning of their river-lake system, which had tied them to the land through their primary activities of hunting, trapping, fishing, and subsistence agriculture.Granted access to unemployment benefits, alcohol an d other previously unavailable influences rendered the Ojibwa vulnerable to the manipulation and exploitation of others.Traditional Ojibwa culture was heavily influenced by the natural terrain of their habitat – they had adapted their semi-nomadic way of life to a heavily forested land with an extensive network of lakes and rivers. Primarily a hunting-and-fishing society, they would travel through the lakes and river systems in light canoes.Other economic activities include gathering wild fruits and seeds, as well as some farming, and the making of sugar from maple syrup. As with most Native Americans, their housing consisted of wigwams made with pole frames, and typically covered with birch bark. Their clothing was made largely from animal hides such as tanned deerskin and woven nettle fibers.In terms of religious belief, Ojibwa mythology appears to be elaborate. Aside from general belief in the Great Spirit, their chief religious rites centered on the Grand Medicine Society (Medewiwin), composed of practitioners skilled in healing. Traditionally, the Ojibwa view essential matters relating to health, their subsistence, social organization and tribe leadership, from a religious perspective.The central rite of the Medewiwin – the killing and reviving of initiates through the use of sacred seashells and medicine bags, recreated the necessity of death for the continuation and strengthening of life, as in the Creation Myth. It also carried on the hunting concern and imagery of traditional Ojibwa, going beyond mere imagery into hunting medicine to help them and their neighbors find game.Medewinin ceremonies also incorporated ritual components of traditional Ojibwa cult – tobacco offerings, dog sacrifices, ceremonial sweat baths, feasting and dancing in communion with objects of their religion, the performance of ceremonies for the help and blessing of the spirits.Familial relationships, as well as those in the community, were fostered on a myst ical reverence for nature reinforced by myth and ritual. The breakdown of these relationships and the disruption and ensuing disharmony among the community resulted in serious problems for the Ojibwa, which due to its foreign nature they did not seem competent of handling.It is important to note that the Ojibwa are participants in complex, multi-cultural societies with the preponderance of minority-majority relationships and interaction in the social milieu to which they function. Consequently, the issues they face, particularly environmental degradation and the failure of adequate and proper government support, also concern non-Native Americans.The community of Grassy Narrows, an Ojibwa First Nation located 80 km south of Kenora in northwestern Ontario, was forcibly relocated to its present location in 1962, five miles south of the original settlement. When they first ceded their land through Treaty # 3, local Ojibwa maintained most of their material and spiritual culture. Grassy N arrows folk held on to clan loyalties and political autonomy until the late 19th century, adapting their old skills to new conditions.The 20th century however, proved disastrous with an influenza epidemic wiped out around 75% of the population shaking the native economy, social system, and the local aboriginal religion. Traditional healers proved powerless to explain or combat the disease.

Determination of Ka for a weak Acdi Essay

Introduction In the experiment preformed the objective is to titrate a weak acid with a strong base. In a titration of a weak acid with a strong base the titrant is the strong base and the analyte is a weak acid. The reaction that will occur is the direct transfer of protons from the weak acid to the hydroxide ion. The data gathered will be represented on the titration curve, a graph of the volume of titrant being the strong base plotted against the pH .The pH is an indicator of an acids strength. The titration curve can be used to determine the pKa. By reading the graph the equivalence point can be found; which is the point where equal parts acid and base have reacted by knowing this the half-equivalence can be found pH=pKa. Procedure In the experiment pH paper will be used instead of a pH meter. The pH will be determined at the beginning and the end of the titration and the data table will be used to calculate the intermediate values. A burette is a more accurate piece of glassware used to deliver the titrate; in the lab being performed disposable pipet will be used making it very important to consistently dispense the same size drops. Before the titration the volume of a drop must be determined. A pipet is completely fill with distilled water. The average number of drops in a mL and the average quantity of a mL represented by on drop is calculated and recorded. Water is added drop by drop to a graduated cylinder from a pipet at the first, second and third mL lines the water drops are recorded. The average number of drops are calculated per mL. The average of the quantity of a mL represented by a drop is also recorded. A data table is set up to represent the trail averages. First 2.0 mL of unknown acid is measured into graduated cylinder and then poured into a beaker the volume is the recorded. By using a toothpick a drop of acid is placed onto low portion of pH paper, the pH level is recorded. One drop of the phenolphthalein indictor is added to the acid and the color is recorded. The beaker is set on a white sheet of paper before moving on. Next, a well in the 24-well plate is filled with NaOH solution and then sucked up into an  empty pipet. The pipet is the held vertically slowly adding drop by drop the NaOH into the beaker of the unknown solution. Drops are added until a color change occurs, changing to a faint pink for at least 30 seconds. A plastic spoon is used to stir after the addition of each drop. The number of drops of NaOH is recorded and the equivalence point is now determined. A drop of the acid is now transferred by toothpick to the high range pH indicator strip. The pH level of the acid is recorded before titration. The contents of the beaker are poured down the drain and all equipment is thoroughly cleaned. The above procedure is repeated twice more, all data is recorded to 4 decimal places for each trail on the data table. The average of the 3 trails is calculated and data is recorded. At the top of the pH column the unknown’s acid’s starting pH level before titration is entered. Next, the pH level of the acid after the titration, at its equivalence point is entered at the bottom of the pH column. The appropriate pH levels for each 2 drop interval is then calculated, by subtracting the initial pH from the final pH and dividing the resulting difference by the number of rows minus 1. This number is then added to the previous pH value. A graph is then made, pH is plotted on the y axis and volume of NaOH added on the x axis. This represents the titration curve. The pH that corresponds with the equivalence point and half equivalence points are located and the pKa is determined for the unknown acid, pH=pKa. The Ka is determined by taking the inverse log of the pKa(10-pka).

Families Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Families - Essay Example More and more people are now open to having an equal footing in gender relationships, with the man not being â€Å"in charge† of the family. Admittedly there is some rancor due to these changes as well, but there are positive effects of these changing gender relationships on our values. Firstly, due to the fact that women are now also contributing to the economic well being of the family by earning, men have less pressure and stress on them. Men no longer have to cope with being sole bread earners for their families, nor do the families look up to them for their financial well being. This relieves a lot of stress from men, and women are now able to understand what working outside entails. Moreover, due to these changes, men and women are expected to be more open to each other emotionally, as both of them get a better understanding of each other when they share roles and responsibilities on an equal footing. This openness in communication also positively affects child rearing. This ensures, to quite an extent, the emotional and psychological wellbeing of the members of the family, as problems can be discussed more openly and understood much better. Due to these changing gender relationships, children are not told to mold themselves to a pattern, which is preset for them by society. Children have the freedom to decide what role they will adapt once they grow up. Girls are not limited to only household chores, and boys are not told to â€Å"man up† and hide their emotional and psychological trauma. This promotes equality in the household, resulting in better well-adjusted future adults. What is more, as children are not expected to follow a strict gender role, they are freer to express their desires and fears with their parents. Finally, this enables women to see themselves as more than just extensions of the males in their households. They have the freedom to become persons within themselves, and are not bound to anyone due to economic reasons, but

Summary and analyse the movie Downton Abbey Essay

Summary and analyse the movie Downton Abbey - Essay Example The second wave in the mid-20th century advocated other areas in regard to the social life of the women. The third wave in late 20th century sought to address geopolitical differences as speared by queer and masculinity studies. However, these waves were viewed as being less important thus standardizing feminine thought. Some groups in the UK enjoyed more advantages in regard to feminism relative to other groups. The male gaze appeared to be unavailable for black women because they were unworthy of the male gaze, triggered even more activism. Anglo-political feminism was more advantage relative to geopolitical contexts. Women were significantly underrepresented in media production. For instance, Women directors, writers, producers and editors only assumed less than a quarter of the employed media production people. Media is highly gendered with men taking the role of active pleasure looker apart from being media maker while women take up roles in consumer media and acting the role of passive pleasure looker. The woman takes the role of an object for men flattery. Other statistic shows that women make only 30% of speaking characters and that they are dependent on males, and their roles are household functionalities. Comics, romantic books and video games contort women by hypersexualizing their roles. The design assumes that the audience is male, and thus the foundation for erotic spectacles. Advertisements present women as objects for a price. The question that gaze is only credible for men brought even more compromise for Mulveys

Food Production Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Food Production - Research Paper Example The problem with these technological approaches to increasing harvests is they have created a system of food production that looks to productivity as the only measure of success. Our current system of â€Å"factory farms† is highly productive but we are ignoring the environmental damage, the loss of nutrition and quality of our foodstuffs and the ethical concerns raised by the current feedlot method of raising animals for food. The true cost of our current industrialized method of food production can only be realized when we factor in all of these variables. The â€Å"Green Revolution† of the 1960’s was truly a historic turning point for global agriculture. For the first time, populous nations such as India and China could feed themselves with the use of new farming techniques such as no-till planting and the administering of pesticides, herbicides and chemical fertilizers to the land. More food was being produced than ever, but at what cost? Globally, farmers needed to raise more crops than ever because they needed to use fertilizer to compete with corporate farms. The abundance created by the â€Å"Green Revolution† suppressed commodity prices. ... We have learned much about how to limit the damage caused by these powerful chemicals over the decades, but that does not change the fact that entire ecosystems, such as the Chesapeake Bay estuary, are constantly under stress as a result of out current agricultural practices. A final negative consequence that our current mechanized method of farming creates is an over-dependence on fossil fuels. Massive tractors and harvesters are employed to such an extent that a rise in gasoline prices now equates a rise in food prices. We have found ourselves in a precarious situation once again. Before the â€Å"Green Revolution† we had hunger due to a lack of productivity. Now our factory farming system is creating a situation where the costs of production are putting the cost of food out of reach of many people. We have hunger because of a lack of money, not a lack of productive capacity. Another problem that our current method of industrialized food production is causing is a drop in th e nutrition found in the foods we eat. Many diseases and ailments have been linked to eating highly processed food that contain dyes and large amounts of refined sugar. Eating fresh fruits and vegetables is less common than in the past for several reasons. Processed foods are often more convenient to eat. They are packaged and often require a minimum of effort (or no effort at all) to prepare them for consumption. Fewer families sit down to eat meals together than they did in the past as well. Society has changed and the pace of life has increased for many people. As a result, processed foods of convenience such as fast food, has replaced more healthy foods such as vegetables and whole grains. But the

Democratic Party and Republican Party Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Democratic Party and Republican Party - Essay Example They rather use a self-defending approach, or try to plea to the broadest range of the voters. The republican have some work to do on both sides of the strategies. There are few similarities also between the two rival candidates. Republican candidate McCain from Arizona and Democratic candidate Barack Obama from Illinois; both the nominees of the major parties are fighting to attain support from maximum voters. McCain was in Virginia, looking to turn out the vote in a state that normally votes republican but appears to be siding with Obama. While, Obama was enjoying a lead in national polls, he sought a knockout punch in Nevada, Colorado and Missouri that went for George W. Bush in 2004. Barack Obama's efforts to get the support of the Sunshine State's hugely diverse electorate on Tuesday could prove decisive. Obama has held massive rallies throughout Florida as he seeks to pries the Sunshine State from its eight year republican grip, a move that could wrap up the election in his favor on Tuesday. Obama is ahead in states such as Nevada and North Carolina. Iowa and New Mexico are likely to move into the democratic column and Obama campaign is confident in chances in western states. If he has a good night on Tuesday he could even pick up Georgia, Montana and North Dakota.

The Geography of North America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Geography of North America - Essay Example There is also a Mediterranean climate in the South West, and a dry continental interior in the Great Plains (North America). As to the vegetation type in North America, it is also varied and the types that exist in it include grasslands, drought-resistant vegetation, coniferous forests, deciduous broadleaf forest, and tundra. Among the land forms in North America, there are mountain ranges, plains, and volcanoes. Lastly, among the natural calamities, there are tornadoes, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, and ice storms (North America). When it comes to language, the two most common spoken languages in North America include English and Spanish. English is predominantly spoken in the United States, Bermuda, Canada and the Cayman Islands. On the other hand, Spanish is being spoken in the rest of the countries, while a part of Canada would speak French (â€Å"Facts about North America†). North American culture is all about individualism, which is common among Americans. This is the practice of keeping personal distance with another person. This must have developed because of the fact that families are spread out across the country and the continent. Moreover, Thanksgiving Day is a time that families gather and restore their bond with each other. North American culture is also all about equality and exchanging of gifts (â€Å"North American Culture†). The wealthiest countries in North America are Canada and the United States (â€Å"Facts about North America†). Moreover, there are a total of 393 high-tech regions in this continent and there are 19 specific high-tech industries that exist here. The largest and most influential high tech center in the world, Silicon Valley, is the leader of the metropolitan regions of the continent (DeVol et al.). Currently, the United Stateshas a population of 316.1 million and Canada with 35.2 million. North America has 11 megaregions in the United States alone and these regions are where the growth of population is

Leonardo Da Vinci Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leonardo Da Vinci - Research Paper Example His extensive art work has been split up and most of it is wasted as it was on paper. Like his vast variety of themes and genres, he used different medium for his artistic works. However, no matter which medium he uses, the quality of work remains the same. He used oil paints, pen, tempera etc. on walls, paper, poplar and gesso proving that art is not reliant on a single medium. The sfumato technique admired me the most. Leonardo’s expertise in this technique gave lifelong charm to his artistic works. It creates a smoky or cloudy look which may not be incorporated in other artists’ work that well (Leonardo & Goldscheider, 1959 pp. 173-177). The most important thing is the reputation and overwhelming distinction given to Leonardo’s work. Mona Lisa is one of the first art works that appear in people’s mind when they think about art. Having heard about Leonardo’s artistic abilities, I chose writing on his art work. His placement of objects, color choices, expertise of giving prominence to one object and making less prominent the other, his ideas and knowledge of color art provides a deeper insight of his work. His art cannot be categorized in purely impressionism, art nouvea or any other. The distinct qualities of his works can be identified by simply analyzing two extremely different pieces of his art like ‘Vitruvian Man’ and ‘last

Flying Dry - Air Tahoma Fuel Starvation Research Paper

Flying Dry - Air Tahoma Fuel Starvation - Research Paper Example One type of turbine engine error that may occur is fuel starvation. This type of failure occurred in the August 2004 crash of the Air Tahoma Flight 185, in which the Convair 580 twin engine turboprop was destroyed on impact only one mile short of the runway, resulting in the death of the first-officer and damage to surrounding property (Aircraft Accident Report). The history and details of the Air Tahoma Flight 185 crash, the cause of the accident, and the relevance to current safety issues are each important in learning from this crash and taking preventative measures against this type of incident in the future. Air Tahoma, a spin-off from Cool Air, Inc., was a Columbus based father-son operated company that was looking to grow and expand its current fleet of thirteen turboprops. Like many small and ambitious companies before them, there is some speculation that in the hurry to expand critical safety checkpoints may have been relaxed. The company had recently contracted with DHL as freight parcel delivery company, and Flight 185 was scheduled for a routine roundtrip flight from Memphis to Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport when the crash occurred (Pilcher, 2004). The company had previously had several run-ins with federal safety inspectors before the crash, as records show, including citations for maintenance problems three times in the previous four years, including one resulting in a $5000 settlement for problems in providing an airworthy aircraft by the company (Pilcher, 2004). Air Tahoma operated two types of twin turboprop planes, the Convair 240 and the Convair 580 (Pilcher, 2004). Unlike the much larger much larger Boeing 727s, DC-8s and Airbus 300s operated by the main local carrier for DHL at the time, Astar Air Cargo, these are small aircraft capable of holding only fifty-six passengers, but more commonly used for transport (Frawley, 1998). These aircraft are converted from the original

DELL SWOTT TABLE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DELL SWOTT TABLE - Assignment Example The business macro environment describes factors like competition, clients, industries, market, companies and even clients. In the past Dell, unlike most of its competitors, has not made any significant accomplishments in the smartphone technology and business. Resultantly, this has led to a lot of criticism for the past decade with most people questioning its proficiency even in its core field, which is computer technology. In 2009, Dell launched its first ever smartphone that most of its supporters, consumers and other stakeholders had been waiting for with a lot of fanaticism, which is understandable considering its reputation in computer technology (Holman, 2005). The Mini 3i was among the biggest disappointments of the company as most of the reviews termed it as an attempt. The most disappointing thing was the location of the launch as the Chinese got the first experience being the aim market for Dell; evidently, this itself was substandard for the people in the west. This development has meant that the company conducts an analysis of its environment in order to determined the right approaches and strategies it can use in its marketing and other important functions towards it operations (Holman, 2005). It is important to realize that business environment analysis is an important process that happens for all businesses that want to create competitive advantages in their business operations. The internal business environment contains factors that the business can manipulate in the process of creating its competitive advantages (Arthur, 2012). These factors make up the strengths and weaknesses for a business when analyzing its SWOT. Some of the important factors in Dell computer’s internal business environment include the following With regard to strategy, the company relies on various approaches in its market entry requirements. The company has managed to put up a team that conducts

Process Improvement Essay Example for Free

Process Improvement Essay ABSTRACT This document will be evaluating an existing process within Toyota during the time of their accelerator crisis. A problem statement will be defined around the process of internal communication of concerns and ideas between foreign-based Toyota employees and the authoritative management of Toyota based in Japan. PROBLEM ANALYSIS OF SELECTED PROCESS Problem framing is a very important, but easily overlooked, part of decision-making. Framing a problem can have a heavy influence on the decisions that are made. It isnt enough to frame the problem; it should be framed with the solution in mind. This helps to keep the end goal of the decision-making process in mind so that the correct choices are made. In the case of Toyota, at the highest level, they had a major problem with some of their products involving unintended acceleration and their handling of  customer reports of the problem led to a whole mess of other problems. So from the outside looking in, it seems that many processes internal to Toyota had room for improvement. Although there are many different business sections of Toyota with their own respective problems such as customer service, public relations, manufacturing, the problem I would like analyze and offer improvement on is internal communication process between management and foreign employees and how the breakdown in this process affected some of the business decisions made by Toyotas upper management. As Toyota grew into a global powerhouse in the auto industry, the organizational structure that emerged was a centralized design †¦that put key decision-making in the hands of executives in Japan†¦ Some believed that Toyotas structure in the U.S. ultimately impaired its ability to prevent the safety problems before they reached the crisis (Greto, Schotter Teagarden, 2010, pg. 7-8). A quality tool or method used to help with the identification and prioritization of the potential causes of quality problems in a process is cause-and-effect analysis. In a way, this is a reverse engineering method used to identify the elements of a specific quality problem and to identify the causes so that it can be corrected. The problem wasnt the unintended acceleration of certain vehicles; the problem was the internal management decision-making that impacted the engineering of those vehicles which created the engineering problem. For some background information, the defining and founding philosophy of Toyota, the Toyota Way, has been around for a long time but it wasnt until the late 1980s in which they began production of their vehicles in the U.S. Specifically the problem of ideas from U.S.-based employees has been largely ignored for almost 20 years when it comes to key engineering or financial-based decisions. Despite the global sales volume gain, Toyota reported revenues of US $211 billion for 2009, a decrease of 19% for the previous year (Greto, Schotter Teagarden, 2010, pg. 2). Even though Toyota has been making large profits throughout the past 20 years, they experienced a decrease in 2009 and part of this was related to the ambitious initiatives and business decisions made by Toyotas upper management. Japan is notoriously consensus oriented, and companies have a strong tendency to mediate differences among individuals rather than accentuate them (Porter, 1996, pg. 63). Japanese culture and Toyotas centralized decision-making structure made it difficult for U.S. based employees to offer ideas, suggestions for improvements, or to elevate critical problems to upper management in Japan. Toyotas upper management, in their minds, let the U.S. employees do what they do best, which is supposedly marketing and selling. The process used by Toyota to communicate foreign employees ideas to upper management was heard, but not listened to. Even the process of internal communication between management had its breakdowns because of the perception by family-oriented managers of nonfamily managers in that nonfamily members didnt have such thoughts as safety and quality in the forefront of their minds. Overall, the communication process seemed to be that ideas were submitted from employees, whether by Japanese or foreign employees, to management and ideas were reviewed and pushed up the management chain when it was appropriate. However, ideas that might have some bearing on engineering, manufacturing or financing were largely ignored when the source of the ideas were from U.S.-based employees and this violated the Toyota Way. To add to the complexity, the process for communicating ideas became more convoluted depending on the audience, nonfamily or family-based managers. To sum this up into a problem statement: Toyota has violated their founding philosophy of employee empowerment, especially for non-Japanese employees, and continues to make important business decisions without any regard to concerns or ideas from foreign employees when appropriate. Employees may have ideas that could be used in the decision-making process to achieve better quality solutions. Toyota needs a better mechanism or improvement to this internal communication process to capture the knowledge and ideas of all employees and to share these ideas across the organization. All in all, its to improve the internal communication process bet ween employees and management in order to support the idea of continuous improvement and quality. CONTEXT OF SELECTED PROCESS FOR IMPROVEMENT The _Toyota Way_ mandates planning for the long term; highlighting problems  instead of hiding them; encouraging team work with colleagues and suppliers; and, perhaps most importantly, instilling a self-critical culture that fosters continuous and unrelenting improvement (Greto, Schotter Teagarden, 2010, pg. 3). Two cores ideas from the statement above are the idea of team work and most importantly employee empowerment. These two values are what made Toyota into a successful global corporation during their fast rise in the 1980s. Employees were encouraged to offer ideas for improvement for any process within the organization and this helped with continuing the idea of continuous improvement. An important part of making business decisions is having real-time and critical information. The selected process for improvement: improving the communication of ideas and concerns and the sharing of foreign employees ideas to Toyotas Japanese management team needs to be addressed immediately. The process selected for improvement is the process used to capture the ideas of all employees, U.S.-based included, and to have these ideas be properly represented and presented to management for review in real-time. You know the joke that every bank branch has a president well, every Toyota facility has a president, and one cant tell another what to do (Greto, Schotter Teagarden, 2010, pg. 8). This statement touches the surface of why the internal management communication process needs improvement at Toyota. The way the process is currently being represented in Toyotas organization is a complete violation of their founding philosophy. During the 2000s, Toyota pushed for a lot of initiatives that in hindsight were either short-term profit driven or too ambitious. For example, despite the savings of more than US $10 billion over the six years since CC21s inception, Watanabe set out to achieve even more cost savings through the new VI (Value Innovation) strategy (Greto, Schotter Teagarden, 2010, pg. 5). This was a business decision made to further drive up profits despite the respectable amount of savings already made financially. If the knowledge, ideas and concerns of employees were properly captured and communicated to management, it could have prevented some of the poor business decision-making made and the impact of these decisions on engineering and manufacturing. Two impacts of the poor decision-making was the decision to become leaner with the manufacturing process and  overstretching existing resources in trying to supplant GM as number on in the automobile industry. Toyotas has employees in many different markets who most likely had concerns regarding these decisions or ideas on how to improve the ideas and _communicated_ these ideas but these ideas werent being heard in time or heard at all by management. To put this all into context, the process for communicating ideas and concerns internally is impacted by the culture and internal structure of Toyota. These are both tough things to change but the process used to capture and represent ideas to management is something easy to improve. IMPLICATIONS OF THE PROCESS If the current internal communication process continues as is, there will continue to be a breakdown in the communication of potentially important ideas and concerns from employees to management. If employees feel as if their input isnt listened to or even heard, they will become apathetic or not even bother trying to communicate important ideas or concerns. As a result, this can lead to the cycle of poor business decisions being made resulting in more damage to the company. Even worse, this will continue to cause Toyota to stray away from the core values of the Toyota Way that made them a successful global corporation. Already what has happened as a result of the ignoring of ideas and making business decisions with only the goal of short-term profits in mind is that Toyota during the oil sludge crisis had to pay millions of dollars as a result of class action lawsuits and took a hit to their business image. Fast forward to the accelerator crisis, Toyota experienced losing $2 billion dollars during the recall, had to pay a $16.4 million dollar civil penalty under U.S. law, experienced a customer relations nightmare and even had some of their car models dropped from Consumer Reports. The dollar amount lost due to the alienation of customers, lack of accountability at first by Toyota, and corporate reputation and image hit is immeasurable. Implementing some mechanism to improve the communication process between  employees and management and even management can be improved with the use of something such as a knowledge management system. Effective knowledge management tools can help firms reduce internal costs of maintaining electronic filing systems and reduce the administrative expense of locating documents. Second, just as efficiency can improve profitability, leverage can have the same effect where knowledge transfer enhances the quality of work performance, and therefore, its value. In this context, leverage is the ability to delegate work to the most cost-effective resource. The transfer of knowledge is, in fact, the essence of knowledge management (Martin, 2002, pg. 1). Although it is a large internal expense, the benefits of a KM system would have a great effect on the general business results and business relationships of Toyota with its employees, management and even their supply chain. POTENTIAL OUTCOMES OF IMPROVING THE PROCESS Improving the current internal communication process of ideas and concern helps to improve employee relations between management and their reports. It helps to re-establish a culture of knowledge sharing and representing that captured knowledge in such a way that it can help to improve the business decision-making by upper management. Any important business decisions made by upper management have a direct impact on the shareholders. So any improvement in the process that results in better business decisions being made will have a direct positive impact for the shareholders. The current decision-making and straying away from the founding principles of the Toyota Way has damaged the company and continuing down this path will only make the future worse for Toyota. So having an internal mechanism to capture ideas and improve communication such as a KM system can only improve the situation. Employees would feel like their ideas are being heard and will continue to offer suggestions for continual improvement. An improvement in communication can help to break down the false perceptions that family-oriented managers have of nonfamily managers. For example, a family-based manager might come across an idea from an unexpected source, a nonfamily manager, and come to respect that person for their knowledge. In a  way, this could help to improve the Japanese culture way of making decisions internally. Toyota is almost in the top of their market, so they are their own worst enemy when it comes to being competitive. So an improvement in their internal decision-making around all important financial, engineering and manufacturing decisions will only help to sustain and further their current competitive edge. Sometimes an organization has to make a large internal expense in order to position themselves differently from their competitors. Strategic positioning means performing _different_ activities from rivals or performing similar activities in _different_ ways (Porter, 1996, pg. 62). So collecting ideas internally and using them to make better business decisions will help Toyota to strategically position themselves even further away from their competition. SUMMARY Overall, Toyota is its own worst enemy with the current decision-making process they have in place internally. Even though the centralized decision-making structure is what Toyota currently has in place, the decision-making needs to take into account employee input, whether foreign or not. Employee input has been a cornerstone of the Toyota Way and Toyota has strayed from this founding principle. The implications of continuing down this path will result in more crises which in turn results in loss business, damaged business reputation, lawsuits and losing the competitive edge. Improving this process will result in better employee relations; establish a knowledge sharing culture which is needed for an environment that is striving for continual improvement and better business decisions being made. REFERENCES Greto, M., Schotter, A., Teagarden, M. (2010). Toyota: The accelerator crisis. Thunderbird School of Global Management. Martin, K. (2002). Features Show Me the Money Measuring the Return on Knowledge Management. LLRX. Retrieved from http://www.llrx.com/features/kmroi.htm Porter, M. E. (1996). What is strategy? _Harvard Business Review, 74_(6), 61-78. Russell, R.S., Taylor, B.W. (2011). _Operations management: Creating value along the supply chain_ (7th ed.)_._ Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. ISBN: 9780470525906

Automated Teller Machine: Innovation in the Banking Industry

Automated Teller Machine: Innovation in the Banking Industry The banking industry occupies a very strategic position in the financial system of any economy, since there will no economic growth unless there is adequate channelling of savings into investment. The banks are responsible for increasing the level of savings and investments, granting of credit and generally influencing the level of supply of money in the economy. They also facilitate economic transactions between nations thereby encouraging and promoting trade, commerce and industry. Banks and banking is a very old profession but the modern-day banking practice as we know it today, started in the medieval days in Italian cities of Florence, Venice and Genoa. In Nigeria, banking officially had a formal legislative backing in 1952 (alford, 2010) and since then, there has been tremendous growth in the industry, which believed to have been fuelled largely by changes in technology and the banks ability to embrace these changes successfully by implementing novel ideas in their bid to control a large share of the market. The development of self service technology and the emerging of a number of new innovations are taking place in the area of retail payments known as electronic money. (Mohamad Al-Laham, 2009). This development is influencing the banking industry due to the increased use of Automated Teller Machines. This led to a new concept in the ATM, known as the Cash/Cheque Deposit Automated Teller Machine (ATM). The objective of this paper is to show that the development of the Cash/Cheque deposit Automated Teller Machine (ATM) should be viewed as an innovation in the banking industry in developing countries. We also aim to find out the approach and implementation procedures adopted by the organisation in managing the innovation, examine its benefits to the bank and finally, identifying the role played by the manager in the innovation. For the purpose of this paper, we use the introduction of Cash/ cheque deposit ATM by Skye Bank PLC., based in Nigeria as a case study. According to (eShekels Limited, 2006), the history of ATMs dated back to the USA in the mid 1960s and gained grounds world over, in the 70s. However, in Nigeria, the ATM was introduced in 1989 by the defunct Societe Generale Bank and has since then, the ATMs appear to have spread everywhere across Nigeria. eShekels limited, further posited that the banking industry no doubt has witnessed advancement in technology just like any other sector; the use of the automated teller machine is one of these as it affects banking operations entirely. With the adoption of Self Service technology by the banks, ATMs have continued to service the populace; they offer convenience to customers and provide banking services well beyond the traditional service period. It therefore encourages a cashless society. Thus, eliminating the risk of loss of cash through theft or fire as witnessed in the past, creating a win-win scenario for parties concerned. Industries and businesses operating in a dynamic and volatile environment always look for ways to make their growth a continuous process. They believe they can do this by finding new and creative ways of maintaining or improving their market share. The process of turning these creative ideas into facts is known as innovation. According to the Wikipedia, Innovation is a change in the method of doing something, or the useful application of new inventions or discoveries. It may also refer to major or fundamental changes in thinking, products, processes, or organizations. (Sarkar, 2007) in citing Michael Vance simplified innovation as a creation of the new or re-arranging of the old in a new way. He went further by distinguishing innovation from invention by quoting Schumpeter (1934), contributors to the scholarly literature on innovation typically distinguish between invention, an idea made manifest, and innovation, ideas applied successfully in practice. In all ramification of life, be it arts, science, economics or government policy, something new must be significantly different to be seen as an innovation. (Sarkar, 2007), further stated the difference or change must however be able to increase value, be it customer value, or producer value. The objective of innovation is positive change, to make someone or something better and ultimately leading to increased productivity which is the fundamental source of increasing wealth in an economy he concluded. There are different types of identified innovations. Some of them are highlighted below: * Business Model innovation involves changing the way business is done in terms of capturing value e.g. Compaq vs. Dell, hub and spoke airlines vs. Southwest, and Hertz/Avis vs. Enterprise. * Marketing innovation is the development of new marketing methods with improvement in product design or packaging, product promotion or pricing. * Organizational innovation involves the creation or alteration of business structures, practices, and models, and may therefore include process, marketing and business model innovation. * Process innovation involves the implementation of a new or significantly improved production or delivery method. * Product innovation, involves the introduction of a new good or service that is new or substantially improved. This might include improvements in functional characteristics, technical abilities, ease of use, or any other dimension. * Service innovation is similar to product innovation except that the innovation relates to services rather than to products. Todays United Bank for Africa Plc. (UBA) is the product of the merger of Nigerias third (3rd) and fifth (5th) largest banks, namely the old UBA and the erstwhile Standard Trust Bank Plc. (STB) respectively, and a subsequent acquisition of the erstwhile Continental Trust Bank Limited (CTB). The union emerged as the first successful corporate combination in the history of Nigerian banking. UBAs history dates back to 1948 when the British and French Bank Limited (BFB) commenced business in Nigeria and the erstwhile STB and CTB both in 1990. Following Nigerias independence from Britain, UBA was incorporated in 1961 to take over the business of BFB. Although todays UBA emerged at a time of industry consolidation induced by regulation, the consolidated UBA was borne out of a desire to lead the domestic sector to a new era of global relevance by championing the creation of the Nigerian consumer finance market, leading a private/public sector partnership at supporting the acceleration of Nigerias economic development, and growing the institution from a banking to a one-stop financial services institution, while spreading its footprints across Africa to earn the reputation as the face of banking in the continent. Today, United Bank for Africa Plc. is one of Africas leading financial institutions offering universal banking to more than 7 million customers across 750 branches in 14 African countries. With presence in New York, London and Paris and assets in excess of $19bn, UBA is your partner for banking services for Africans and African related businesses globally http://www.ubagroup.com/group/genericpage/19 Skye Bank PLC is a publicly quoted company in Nigeria with over 300,000 shareholders and is technically one of the oldest banks in Nigeria and West Africa. It provides financial products and services with a solid technological background that supports the service delivery process to customers. After the bank consolidation process in 2006, Skye bank developed into one of the top financial institutions in Nigeria. Presently, it manages more than 250 branches in the country with over 600 operational ATM machines within their business premises and other well placed location across the country. In 2009, the Bank as part of its growth and expansion strategy and its determination to provide world class and cutting edge services to its vast majority of customers, Skye Bank Plc., introduced advancement in its electronic payment solutions, with the launch of new cash-deposit, cheque deposit and foreign exchange Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), a feat unprecedented in the history of Nigerian banking industry. Mr Chuma Ezirim, Deputy General Manager of the bank, during the launching of the product, said Depositing cash on the ATMs is very simple. A customer simply slots in his or her card, after which he or she is presented with options on the screen. To deposit cash all a customer has to do is select the cash deposit option on the screen, after which the ATM will open the cash acceptance slot. A customer can deposit a bundle of up to 200 notes at a time, without sorting them into different denominations, as the ATM accepts 100, 200, 500 and 1,000 notes. The ATM will validate each note to confirm it is genuine, count the notes and hold in escrow. The customer is then notified of the note count and the total and given the option to continue, insert additional notes or cancel the transaction. Our customers can also deposit Cheques in ATMs. Each cheque is inserted into the ATM through the ATM Cheque Processor opening. As the cheque is inserted, it is imaged, both front and rear, the image is displayed on the screen and, subsequently, printed on the receipt to give the customer positive confirmation that the bank has accepted the cheque. When the cheque is inserted into the ATM, it is read by a MICR reader to ensure that a MICR code line is present and that it is a valid cheque. If the ATM cannot verify the cheque, it can be rejected and returned to the customer. The image of the verified cheque, together with the captured code line data, can be passed to the back-office for processing. Cheques are picked up at specified times by designated officers for further processing. Previously, all transactions that involve cheques and foreign currency are always done at the counter, compounded by long queues and delays. Marc Bourreau, Marianne Verdier, Cooperation for innovation in payment system: the case of mobile payment. Feb. 2010. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1575036

Large Scale Milk Power Production

Large Scale Milk Power Production Introduction Milk powder production is a very simple process. But now it become on a large scale. It involves the gentle removal of water at the lowest possible cost under hard health conditions. But while this process we want to retain all the desirable natural properties of the milk such as color, flavor, solubility, nutritional value. There are two types of milk. Whole milk (full cream)- typically about 87% water Skim milk-about 91% water During milk powder production, this water is removed by boiling the milk under reduced pressure and low temperature. This special process is known as evaporation. The result is concentrated milk. Then it sprayed in a fine mist into hot air to remove further moisture and then give a powder. Approximately 13 kg of whole milk powder (WMP) or 9 kg of skim milk powder (SMP) can be made from 100 L of whole milk. Demand Demand of powdered milk is being increased according to the rate of the population growth of Sri Lanka. The calculated requirement of milk powder in 2015 is 91156730.43kg, shown in table 1. Table 1 – Estimated Requirement of milk powder 2010-2015 Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Population (million) 20.653 20.869 20.328 20.483 20.646 20.812 Recommended Dietary Allowance (ml/.person/day) 100 100 100 100 100 100 Requirement of Milk (million liters) 753.834 761.719 741.972 747.630 753.611 759.639 Requirement of Milk Powder (million kg) 90.460 91.406 89.037 89.716 90.433 91.157 World Bank. Population. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL World Bank. Population growth (annual %). Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.GROW Ministry of Livestock and Rural Community Department. (2010). Diary Development Project. Retrieved from http://www.livestock.gov.lk/site/images/stories/dairy_deve.project_rev_150_last.pdf Supply Total supply of milk powder is fulfilled by local productions and imports. As local production of milk powder in the first half of 2014 has increased 65% than 2013, the amount of imported milk powder decreases 10% to 32,500 metric tons in the first half of 2014. Central Bank of Sri Lanka. (2013). Annual Report. (ISBN 978-955-575-288-6). Retrieved from http://www.cbsl.gov.lk/ Figure 1 – Production and Imports of milk powder 1998-2010 Agriculture and Environmental Statistics Division. Milk Production. Retrieved from http://www.statistics.gov.lk/agriculture/Livestock/MilkProduction.html Total supply of milk powder can be calculated by using milk powder consumption and population. Local production of milk powder is estimated by using annual imports and total production. Estimated total production of milk powder will be increased by about 1.8% to 86.97 million kilograms by the 2015. Imports were reduced due to investigation of DCD and melamine in imported milk powder from New Zealand and duty taxes. Local productions are being improving about 65% during 2013 and 2014 and estimated local production of 2015 is 25.22 million kilograms, shown in table 2. Table 2 – Estimated Milk Production 2013-2015 Year Unit 2013 2014 2015 Milk Powder Consumption average month per person 341.36g 344.77g 348.22g Total Production Million.kg 83.91 85.42 86.97 Imports Million.kg 71.5 65 61.75 Local Production Million.kg 12.41 20.42 25.22 Department of Census and Statistics. (2012/13). Household Income and Expenditure Survey. (ISBN978-955-577-856-5). Retrieved from www.statistics.gov.lk Figure 2 – Forecasting of Production and Imports of milk powder 2015 Forecast About 91.16 million kilograms of milk powder will be required to satisfy the demand of 2015, but 86.97 million kilograms of milk powder will be supplied by present industries and imports. The estimated gap of 4.19 million kilograms of milk powder should be produced by Sri Lankan fresh milk supply. Figure 3 Annual Milk Production Agriculture and Environmental Statistics Division. Milk Production. Retrieved from http://www.statistics.gov.lk/agriculture/Livestock/MilkProduction.html Estimated fresh milk production of year 2015 will be 309.28 million litres, shown in figure 3. If all fresh milk converted into milk powder, 37.11 million kilograms of milk powder will be produced. Table 3 – Estimated Production of Milk Powder from Sri Lankan Milk Supply 2015 Estimated Demand 91.16 million kg Estimated Imports 61.75 million kg Required Local Production 29.41 million kg Estimated Fresh Milk Production 309.28 mllion l Feasible Milk Powder Production 37.11 million kg The fresh milk supply of Sri Lanka is well enough for fulfil required local milk powder production of 29.75 million kilograms of 2015. Therefore milk powder production is a feasible industry for Sri Lanka. PROCESS There are five main unit operations. Separation Preheating Evaporation Spray Drying Packaging and Storage SEPARATION This is the first step of milk powder production. Milk powder manufacturing is starts with taking the raw milk to dairy factory. Then pasteurize them. There is a machine called centrifugal cream separator. It use to separate raw milk into skim milk and whole milk. When whole milk powder is to be manufactured, a portion of this whole milk powder is added back to the skim milk. The reason is to produce milk with standardized fat content. Typically milk powder should have 26-30% of fat content. Surplus cream is used to make butter. PREHEATING The next step in the milk powder process is preheating. In this process standardized milk is heated to temperatures between 75 C and 120 C. this temperature is held for a specified time from few seconds to several minutes. Like 72C foe 15s. Preheating causes: controlled denaturation of the whey proteins in the milk It destroys bacteria, inactivates enzymes Generates natural antioxidants Imparts heat stability. The exact heating/holding conditions depends on the type of product and its intended end-use. High preheats in whole milk powder are associated with improved keeping quality. But it reduce solubility. Three types of Preheating: Indirect (via heat exchangers) These indirect heaters are generally used waste heat from other parts of the process as an energy saving measure. Direct (via steam injection or infusion into the product) Mixture of the two. EVAPORATION In this step the preheated milk is concentrated in stages. After evaporation we can produce: 9% of skim milk 13% of whole milk This is achieved by boiling the milk under a vacuum. The temperature is below 72C in a falling film on the inside of vertical tubes. And water is removed as vapour. This vapour, which may be thermally or mechanically compressed, is next used to heat the milk which in the next effect of the evaporator. It may be operated at a lower pressure and temperature than the preceding effect. Modern plants may have more effects for maximum energy efficiency. More than 85% of the water in the milk is removed in the evaporator. Evaporators are extremely noisy. Reason is the large quantity of water vapour travelling at very high speeds inside its tubes. SPRAY DRYING Spray drying is the step of atomizing the milk concentrate from the evaporator next into fine droplets. This is done inside a large chamber. There is a flow of hot air in the chamber. The temperature of this air is up to 200C. This flow of air is holed by using either a spinning disk atomizer or a series of high pressure nozzles. The milk droplets are cooled by evaporation. And they never reach the temperature of the air. And these milk droplets never reach the temperature of air. The concentrate may be heated prior to atomization to reduce its viscosity and to increase the energy available for drying. Much of the remaining water is evaporated in the drying chamber. It leave fine powder of around 6% moisture content with a mean particle size ( PACKAGING AND STORAGE Milk powders are immensely more stable than fresh milk. But milk powder is protection from moisture, oxygen, light and heat. It is needed in order to maintain their quality and shelf life. Milk powders quickly take up moisture from air and leading to a rapid loss of quality and caking or lumping. The fat in whole milk powder can react with oxygen in the air to give a off flavor. It happens at especially high storage temperatures. (>30C) Milk powder is packed into either plastic bags or bulk bins. Whole milk powders are often packed under nitrogen gas to protect the product from oxidation and also maintain their flavor and extend their keeping quality. The packaging is chosen to provide a barrier to moisture is air, oxygen and light. Bags also consist of several layers to provide strength and the necessary barrier properties. c HEALTH AND SAFETY Physical hazards Biological hazards Chemical hazards Exposure to heat, cold, and radiation Noise and Vibrations PHYSICAL HAZARDS Physical hazards include exposure to same-level fall hazards due to slippery conditions, the use of machines and tools, and collisions with internal transport equipment (e.g. forklift trucks and containers). How do falls happen? Statistics show that the majority (66%) of falls happen on the same level resulting from slips and trips. The remaining 34% are falls from a height. Slips Slips happen where there is too little friction or traction between the footwear and the walking surface. Common causes of slips are: wet or oily surfaces occasional spills weather hazards loose, unanchored rugs or mats flooring or other walking surfaces that do not have same degree of traction in all areas Trips Trips happen when foot collides (strikes, hits) an object causing you to lose the balance and, eventually fall. Common causes of tripping are: obstructed view poor lighting clutter in your way wrinkled carpeting uncovered cables bottom drawers not being closed uneven (steps, thresholds) walking surfaces In addition to above mentioned reasons collision with transportation vehicles when lifting the packages into the truck also contribute to physical hazards to people working in the processing factory. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Exposure to biological and microbiological agents may be associated with inhalation and ingestion of dust and aerosols, particularly in milk powder operations. Dust from the ingredients used in dairy processing and high levels of humidity may cause skin irritation or other allergic reactions. The elaboration of above stated point is that in diary processing plants due to the presence of microbiological agents involved in the milk products can cause infections to employees working there. It can also be seen there that emissions of dust particles from the burning of aerosols used for obtaining energy can also cause respiratory diseases Inhaling of particulates from the milk powder production can also cause respiratory diseases in employees. The present study provides new evidence that workers exposed to milk powder by inhalation are at an increased risk of nasal symptoms, wheezing and breathlessness, and exhibit reduced Spiro metric lung function, even at relatively low air concentrations of milk dust. CHEMICAL HAZARDS Exposure to chemicals (including gases and vapors) typically involves chemical-handling activities related to cleaning operations and disinfection of process areas, in addition to the maintenance of heating (thermal oils). In milk processing factories certain chemicals are used for sanitizing, detergents for cleaning of storage tanks as well as emission of certain gases (CO2, CO, NOX, SO2) in the process of combustion can cause smog which in turn is carcinogenic. As well as emission of CFC’s and NH3 into the air as a result of leakage and stripping of chilling machines when out of use. EXPOSURE TO HEAT, RADIATION AND COLD In the production of milk powder employees are frequently exposed to heat due to heating up of machines and near the evaporation unit. Cold can be experienced by employees in the cooling room for the storage of the milk. In the pasteurization process small amount of gamma rays are used which is dangerous to employees since frequent radiation for small time frequently can also be dangerous as being exposed for a long time. REFERENCES Imported and Manufactured Food Program Inspection Manual – Canadian food inspection agency Manual for safety by Canadian centre for Occupational health and safety Respiratory effects of occupational exposures in a milk powder factory by Sripaiboonkij P, Phanprasit W, Jaakkola MS from the records of US National Library of Medicine. Articles from FAO Corporate Document Repository.

Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale Essay -- Atwood Handmaids Tale

Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale The Historical Notes are important in the way we perceive the novel as they answer many important questions raised by the novel and also enhance some of the novels main themes. The first question it answers is the one raised at the end of the novel; that is whether Offred is stepping up into the,'darkness,' or the, 'light.' The reader finds out that Offred escaped Gilead, presumably into Canada, with the help of the,'Underground Femaleroad.' The reader also learns that it was Nick who orchestrated her escape, using his position as a member of the Eyes. This is important to the novel as it means that the novel can feasibly be a transcript of her story, a story she could not have told if she was dead. It is also important in a much more simple sense, that it satisfies the readers curiosity over what happens to the main character and brings the novel to a more satisfactory close. Over the course of the novel the reader has built up a close relationship with Offred through her telling her story completely in the first person. This has the effect of making the reader feel a close connection with Offred, and care what happens to her. The Historical Notes also place the novel in its historical context. The notes tell the reader the story of why Gilead implemented the Handmaids in the first place, with the widespread reproduction problems caused by the,' AIDS epidemic,' and leakages from, 'chemical warfare stocks.' This is important to the novel as a whole as it outlines the reasons Gilead has for implementing the Handmaids and shows that there was an actual reason behind the methods of Gilead. This has the effect of making the society seem more realistic, which adds... ... The fact that Piexto criticizes Offred for her account, 'she does not see fit to supply us with her original name,' demonstrates his misunderstanding of the account, that Piexto sees it purely in the context of what he can learn from it about Gilead, and does not seem to care for Offred's, 'whiff of emotion,' or what Offred seems to have suffered through. The fact that Piexto's lecture is based on ,' Problems of Authentication,' again shows a complete disregard for what Offred went through, and again demonstrates his misunderstanding of the entire Tale. Atwood uses Piexto's misunderstanding to again make a warning to society; again that what happens in the novel could happen again. This could again be a comment on society and university education by Atwood; that everyone is so concerned with facts, figures and dates, they often forget, 'the human heart.'

The National Assemby and Restructuring The French Government :: essays research papers

ON WHAT PINCIPLES DID THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SEEK TO RESTRUCTURE FRENCH GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY IN THE YEARS 1789-91? When the National Assembly established a dominant position in the running of the French state in 1789, they needed to move quickly to reform the old state around them into one that corresponded to the political views held within the new Assembly members. A ‘principle’ or origin from which all remodelling could take form from, and that would justify the actions of the Assembly to the people as they began reconstructing the state into a ‘ uniform, decentralised, representative and humanitarian system’ was needed. The question being asked is for us to define this principle used by the Assembly to remodel French society and government, a question that can only be answered by studying the declarations of the Assembly to discover the point at which they declare the main principles of their new system openly in a bid to justify further actions. When the newly gathered members of the National Assembly met on the royal tennis court on the 20th June 1789, they declared a vow that was to be remembered as the ‘Tennis court oath.’ This vow was to never rest until they ‘provided France with a constitution,’ a basses that the Assembly could remodel France around. However, constitutions were new to this time in history and the constitutional writers needed time to discover the art of preparing such a document considering the lack of knowledge they had in the field. They may have been aided by information from the recent events in America and the benefits from studying their new American Constitution, but the Assembly still needed time to insure success, and this meant they needed a temporary base of principles to work from. The starting point in the history of the Assembly’s actions to change France can be seen in the 4th August ‘ August Decrees.’ The Assembly had drawn up this set of principles after the pressure created by the Great Fear had forced action to be taken for the safety of French society. The assembly had wanted to calm down the peasant rising in the country and at the time this meant abolishing the feudal system, a system that hung around the shoulders of the peasantry mass. This action would provide the country with a freedom from personal servitude along with the removal of the dues that restricted the peasantry from day to day.

Average Age of First-time Homeowners Essay

The U.S. homeownership rate fell to the lowest level in 15 years in the first quarter of 2012, as borrowers lost homes to foreclosure and tighter inventory and credit kept buyers off the market. (Gittelsohn, 2012). The Census Bureau reported a rate dropped to 65.4 percent from 66 percent in the fourth quarter of 2011. According to the Census Bureau in June 2004 there was a record of 69.2 rates for homeownership. In 1960 the average age of a first-time homeowner was 24-25, according to David Berson in the journal Business Economics (Edwards, 2011). Now, the ages at which people purchase homes are higher. The average age for homeowners was 34, according to the most recent American Housing Survey data collected in 2009 (Edwards, 2011). There has been a trend toward renting among the younger generation. A study by the John Burns Real Estate Consulting firm predicts the homeownership rate for people between 25 to 34-years-olds will continue decreasing though 2015 (Walsh, 2012). According to this study the number of first-time home buyers has dropped 20 percent since 2009. There is a variety of reasons why young people are not buying homes anymore. People aged 25 to 34 is averaging 8.2 percent unemployment rate (Walsh, 2012). This generation is also getting higher-than-ever student loan debt and low wages. Many young people, who have a decent job, are trying to pay down debt instead of getting more. Federal student loans have bloated 360 percent since the beginning of the recession, with the average student debt held by someone who graduate in 2010 at $25, 250 (Walsh, 2012). Homes prices are still relative high to pay. The interest for mortgages are as low as 3.87 percent (reported in February 2012), the lowest levels in the last four decades, but due to the countless loans default in 2000s it made the banks stricter and increased the requirements for mortgages when compared to previous years. (Edwards, 2011) Also, young people don’t see buying a home as investment anymore, they are afraid that their home won’t be worth what they paid for in the future. A lot of people used to use terms such as â€Å"starter home†, to buy their first home, own it for a few years, resell it and make a profit out of it, then to move into their â€Å"dream home†. Due to the economy crash and the employment rate so high on younger ages, younger people no longer see purchasing a home as a good investment. They are afraid that they might lose their job and have to relocate or not be able to afford their home anymore. As time keeps moving on, young people are more afraid in buying, they are afraid that their property will lose its value and unable to get any type of money back if they decide to sell. According to the research done by Grace Bucchianeri, Homeowners are not happier because of financial stress. Other reasons such as the average age of marriage may influence a decision of purchasing a home. The average age of marriage is currently 26.1, according to the U. S Bureau of Census. This is a huge jump compare to 1960 which the average marriage age was 20.3. The young generation seems to be more focus in other things that making a family and settle down. The U.S. apartment vacancy rate fell to 4.9 percent in the first quarter of 2012. In 2011 the rate was 9.7 percent for vacancy rate. There has been a dramatic increase on rentals according to the Census Bureau. With this big growth in apartment rentals, the multifamily housing development in June 2012 was up 63 percent from a year earlier. The industry is expected to hit over 1 million new apartments by 2015 (Walsh, 2012). Young people opt in to do short leases because they want and like the flexibility to pick up if a job arises or in the worst case scenario move back home if their job is eliminated. Some people believe that buying a house is a waste of time and money. People think that renting a period of 30 years you might save the money you are putting down for the house and all the money for the closing cost, maintenance and so on. It could save you up to $90,000 in a 30 years lap if you only rent a property (Stoffel, 2012). For some people there is stuff that money can’t buy such as stability or emotional benefits. At the end it depends on the person and the type of life they decide to have. Some people hate commitments other people have a dream of having a house and owning a piece of territory. In a recent study done by Brian J. McCabe from New York University, shows that people that own their home are more likely to vote compare to renters. Homeowners feel stronger ties to their communities. They are willing to participate more in organizations that could benefit their community. It shows that the homeownership is mediated by both stability and income. It is possible that citizens most likely to become involved in civic affairs are also those most likely to become homeowners. According to some researchers, the market will turn around—eventually. The young people will start getting older and will settle down. They will start getting married and forming a family and would like to be part of a community. When the house buying market starts increasing the back requirements will start loosen up. Banks will be more flexible when making loans. Works Cited Bucchianeri, G. W. (2011). The American Dream of The American Dilusion? The Private and External Benefits of Homeownership , 1-38. Edwards, E. (2011, October 11). The Universe. Retrieved August 2, 2012, from http://universe.byu.edu Gittelsohn, J. (2012, April 30). Bloomberg. Retrieved June 2, 2012, from Bloomberg News: http://www.bloomberg.com McCabe, B. J. (2011). Are Homeowners Better Citizens? 1-47. Stoffel, B. (2012, March 8). DailyFinance. Retrieved June 2, 2012, from http://dailyfinance.com Walsh, M. (2012, July 16). Business Week. Retrieved July 2, 2012, from http://businessweek.com

Decision Making Process Essay

It is never light-headed to make closings in deportment, especially life changing closes. The close fashioning impact is a very difficult sour that is used by every star in one way or another. Some batch may alter the decision making process in order to checker their own needs and their own in the flesh(predicate) circumstances, but there is a archetype that has been provided in order to show the sanctioned tonuss. The decision making process sit includes six different steps. The first step is to identify and diagnose the issue.After estimate erupt the issue, thusly one must(prenominal) number out alternative solutions to the problem. beforehand making the picking, one would first approximate the alternative solutions that affirm already been suggested. devising the decision is then followed by implementing the solution. at a time the solution has been implemented for a be teenyd while, the solution must then be evaluated. Choosing a college to attend is one of the closely difficult decisions that one could make. For most petite people, the decision to attend college is the most master(prenominal) decision they rush made indeed far (Dolinsky, 2010, p. 62-776). at that place ar cost for the courses, course materials, and other related expenses. There atomic number 18 also issues such as the times of the classes, the courses offered, and the length of time it leave behind take to earn a decimal point. An case-by-case would have to figure out if the college that they are looking in to is the right choice for them. When debating with myself to attend college, I had a hand to think about, as do others. start I had to figure out if I truly wanted to attend college. With a son, I demand to make received I was making the right decision for the both of us.I reckon out that red to a traditional college was not for me since I didnt just have myself to worry about. I was already workings full time and being a angiotensin convert ing enzyme mother. So it was a picayune difficult to even make the decision to further my education. I fought with myself long and austere about this situation and finally determine that going back to school was going to bene discipline my son more than than infract him, especially with me being a single mother. Studies show that more and more students are taking online classes anyway, so I figured it would be a good idea.I even found out that more than 3. 2 students have taken at least one online class, as of 2005 (More Students are Learning Online, Report Says, P. 32). After I had decided to attend college, I infallible to figure out which college or university would fit my needs the best. To find the right college of close to 4,000 choices, you have to really know what you want, and then carefully weigh out what schools have to offer (Fitzgerald, N, p. 10). I had to do a slew of research into each university that I had available to me.As I previously stated, I could not attend a traditional college as I had little to no time to leave my house. I also needed to determine which university had the degree in which I wanted to obtain, which was my associates in accounting. accordingly I needed to figure out which university was more cost effective. I needed to ask questions like how oft did they charge per credit hour? Were their materials include in with the price? What type of materials was needful? There was so much data that I needed to obtain to set out my heart on one university.I believe that my thought process in making my decision is a little bit similar to the one that was provided for us. I had to figure out the issue, in which was find out that I wanted to attend college. Then I needed to make a plan to figure out which college would be right for me. This step had a lot of different options. Thats when I needed to evaluate the different options and make my decision. I then chose the University of Phoenix. I gave my choice a chance and earned my associates degree. I evaluated my decision and decided to go back for my lives degree

Conformity Case Essay

INTRODUCTION ever so since the stolon essayation on deference was conducted by Jenness in 1932, psychologists get hold of tried to barroom setity under various facts. Historically, alignity has been measured in numerous ways, though the most widely employ manners affirm been deport guidestal observations and self reports (Scher and Thompson, 2007). While Aschs Experi custodyt (1951) remains the most popular pass away on alignity, Zimbardo (1971) and Milgrams (1974) work ar noneworthy. AIM AND speculation We wanted to hap reveal whether undergraduate students correct to cordial norms or non? Also, what be the credibly reasons for their behavior? For this, we created our cause examine. However, let us demarcate setity and other key shiftings first gear. Kalat (2008) defines pact as changing ones behaviour to touch other deals behaviour or expectations. It is the dependant variable (DV) in our experimentation and we gave it an operative definition .We measured DV by the nationals elucidate sexual activity identification and subsequent action at law of go finished the gatewaystep assigned for their several(prenominal) sex. This is hike up elaborated under the Research Method section. The unaffiliated variable (IV) in our experiment was self-monitoring posture. We chose IV as our conference intendd that it is primarily luxuriously self-monitoring people argon to a greater extent conscious closely their mixer externalise and are thus to a greater extent promising to conform in general than low-self monitoring people and viciousness versa. The operational definition for self monitoring attitude was the whip on Self-Monitoring (SM) Scale created by key out Synder in the early 1970s. Frayer believes that the personality test measures how oftentimes an individual would change his behaviour to suit situational cues. It has 25 questions in total and has been attached in cecal appendage 1 for your reference. The results were interpreted as elevated, intermediate or low score depending on how umteen questions the subject got correct using the answer key provided by lckes and Barnes (1977) attached in APPENDIX 2 for your reference.Our intent was to examine the kin surrounded by self-monitoring attitude (IV) and unity (DV). We judge a compulsory co-relation due to our group impression mentioned above. Besides, Scher and Thompsons (2007) experiment, which was our inspiration, had fix a signifi preservet exacting correlation relationship between self-monitoring and behavioural complaisance. Our bearing population was the undergraduate students at The University of Hong Kong (HKU). However, our sample consisted of tho forty HKU students composing of twenty female and twenty male students. RESEARCH METHOD Let us elaborate on how we went about conducting our experiment. Firstly, we chose to conduct the experiment at Chi Wah composite building since m whatever undergraduate students go on that point to study. Secondly, we replicated Sarah Lisbene experiment on grammatical gender conformity. Lisbene had pasted gender signs on an openingway of a building to observe whether people would conform to the gender symbols on the doors.We duplicated her gender conformity situation at the main grip on the first floor of Chi Wah as it has precisely deuce doors. We stuck gender symbols on each door at the eye level right besides the door handles a male provided sign on right door and a female except sign on the left door. Then, we shut both(prenominal) the doors at the entrance. Anyone who wanted to enter the building from this entrance was bound to read the gender sign in the first place opening the door and thus would wear to charter a finis to conform, observable by his/her action of pass finished the appropriate gender- marked door. Thirdly, we apply impartial systematic sampling method to choose our subjects. all 10th person was invited to participate i n our experiment by filling in a two paged quite a little. The survey was actually the SM Scale mentioned in AIM AND HYPOTHESIS section. We calculated their scores on the SM Scale by their marked chemical reactions to measure the IV and its relationship with DV.Lastly, we tried to observe participants in their natural setting. To remain un noniceable, we dressed up in casuals and stood far away from the entrance, filtrateing to avoid heavy(a) any additional situational cues to the participants. We wanted to pr yett any mold adversely affecting our study and guardedly observed the behaviour of the subjects reading the signs, recording their determination of walking with either door and consequently approached them, requesting to fill in the survey. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Though the response and the reactions from the subjects varied, a common trend in our experiment emerged. The participant would read the sign on the door when he/she approached to open the door and get confu sed. Then, he/she would take a step back and try to locate the other gender sign on the other door and descrying one would mitigate him/her and change their emotion. Then they would make a decision to walk through either door. The mean score on the SM scale was 12.1, an Intermediate run into as it falls in the band breadth of 9-14. It suggests that HKU undergraduates self-monitor themselves to a moderate degree on bonny and would be conscious of their genial image. Our hypothesis would suggest that undergraduates are seeming to conform to their respective gender roles.The statistics obtained from our sample were consistent with our expectations in general. In fact, 28 out of the 40 or 70% participants conformed to their respective gender role. We found a lower-ranking positive co-relation of .4049 between SM Scale and conformity. It suggests that self-monitoring attitude whitethorn lead to gender conformity. We observed two study group differences establish on the data coll ected. The first group was divided on basis of gender while the second on their score on SM Scale. Firstly, the SM Score mean for females was just about higher(prenominal) (12.2) than for men (12). The standard deviation for females (3.578) was tear down compared to men (4.193) and the range for females was 4-21 and 3-18 for men. The data and statistics obtained are asserting(a) of females conforming marginally much than males. push through of the 28 subjects that did conform, 16 or 57.1% were females and only 12 or 42.9% were males.Secondly, a score of 15-22 is high and 0-8 is low on the SM scale. Out of the 7 subjects who scored low on SM scale, only 3 or 42.9% conformed. Out of the 23 subjects who scored intermediate on SM scale, only 16 or 69.6% conformed and out of the 10 subjects who scored high on SM Scale, 9 or 90% conformed. This suggest that people who score high on the SM Scale are more managely to conform than people who score lower on the SM Scale. A third group difference, which is based on our observation of arrival of participant in a ships company or not flowerpot be suggested. In a group of two females and three males, a male pointed out the distinction at the entrance which surprised the whole group. They talked among themselves and even had a laugh, pointing at the symbols. Nonetheless, the group split up and members walked through respective doors and then rejoined once at bottom the building. This whitethorn suggests that people are more standardisedly to conform if they arrive in a ships company consisting of both the genders.CONCLUSIONFrom our data and observations in the experiment, we can make a few conclusions. Firstly, though HKU undergraduates are comparablely to conform to gender roles, females are more likely to do so. Secondly, in that location is a modest correlation between self-monitoring attitude and conformity, though we could not establish a direct causal relationship between the two variables. Thirdly, it s eems that people who are scored higher on the SM Scale are more likely to conform to gender roles than those who scored lower on the SM Scale. Lastly, subjects are more likely to conform to gender roles when they arrive in a party consisting of both the genders. CRITICAL EVALUATION Booker (2012) says that behavioural conformity is linked with youth happiness. Conforming behaviour enables us to create a strong mixer world and experience belongingness to a group, thereby facilitating social identification and security, leading to equilibrium of contentment. This suggests the importance of conforming in order to achieve happiness. Secondly, conforming behaviour is actually a self-defining act and people conform to keep their state of peace (Santee and Jackson, 1982). This too may inform why people conform in general.Furthermore, there is a difference in the believe of conformity between both the genders men bear on non-conforming behaviour as self-image enhancing while women regar d conformity as positive and self defining. This helps apologise why women are more likely than men to conform. Another plausible explanation for gender differences in conformity is given by Maslach, Santee and Wade (1987), who believe conformity is based on personality traits of men and women. Men are supposed to be emphatic and independent while women are supposed to be sensitive. Recently, researchers from University of London (2011) have even found a mild genetic influence explaining gender conforming traits (31%) in women. According to Fraser, most people would like to maintain a positive cosmos image and are perceptive to what people imagine about them. This may explain why high self-monitors who actively apply impression management are more likely to conform than low self-monitors. The devotion of distorting their public image or even inhibit their social popularity would be a powerful fillip for high self monitors to conform.Lastly, individuals composing a group face a stronger effect of normative social influence than a collection of individuals who do not form a group (Deutsch and Gerard, 1954). This may explain why the conformity increases when subjects arrive in a party consisting of both genders. I would now like to talk about potency flaws in our experiment and nearly methods to improve our clay sculpture. Firstly, conformity is not all in all dependent on a single variable and we should have used a multi-variable regression model to estimate it instead. In our experiment, one of the omitted variables is lack of social pressure or incentive to conform. The subjects may not have sufficient incentive to walk through their gender assigned door as there was no reward or penalty in terms of social acceptance or rejection.Also, as many as 9 subjects reported that they did not notice any gender symbol and walked in using random door. None of them was suffering from any eyesight problem like colour blindness. Furthermore, Livingstone brings to depress a potential confounding variable civility. civility primarily depends on disposition of the subject, which in enactment depends on parenting, school education and cultural background. We could have included all these variables in our model. Another potential flaw in experiment is not having a control group. Maybe the female lavatory come on the left door favoured the female participants to walk through the left door, increasing their conforming number. Either a control group or interchanging the symbols on the doors later on the first 20 subjects had filled in the survey would have removed this bias. To improve our model, we could have used better operational definitions too. The SM Scale is moot and walking through a door marked by a sign may not be a relevant gender issue. Secondly, we could have used a larger budget and more time to improve our model. For instance, it took us four years to get permission to conduct the experiment at Chi Wah.If we had more time, we would have conducted the experiment in the Main Library and Medical Campus to get a representative sample. Increasing our sample size would have enabled us to detect micro trends and be more accurate. We could have offered subjects who refused to fill in the survey monetary compensation. Our study may have been subject to experimenter bias in spite our full effort to derogate the bias as we were expecting a positive correlation. blatant was too expensive an option for us. PERSONAL formula Though this experiment answered some questions, it has left me enquire about many more. If given the opportunity, I would like to conduct a few follow up experiments to seek some answers. Firstly, I would like to find out if there is any link between stress levels and gender conformity.This relationship arises from my observation that some subjects in our experiment who walked through the wrong door and excessively refused to fill in the survey seemed to be impatient and rude. Though there ma y be some other reasons behind their gender non-conformity behaviour and mood like being short on time, we cannot say for sure and will have to find out for ourselves. Also, I would like to find out if there is any threshold level for conformity? For instance, participants may refuse to conform by walking through a door in our experiment but they would probably conform while using a lavatory. If non-conformers conform if they know they would be soberly rebuked for their actions, what precisely is that threshold level? The experiment also cleared my misconceptions of conducting experiments.I thought that it would be precise easy to design and conduct an experiment. However, given our goal, there were so many ways of going about it that was very hard to select the best method given our resources and time constraint. Carrying out the experiment has its own fair share of struggles. I would also like to mention my experience with experimenter bias. While drafting the experiment, I was very confident that I could not be susceptible to experimenter bias. However, when we started the experiment, it was very hard not to hand out the survey to our friends and acquaintances who happened to come in through the doors but were not the 10th subject as per our systematic sampling rule. Finally, after having finished the experiment, I think it was painstakingly work involving a give out of planning and careful evaluation. Nonetheless, I had fun conducting the experiment.REFERENCES1. Scher, N., & Thompson, T. (2007). Self-Monitoring and harmony A Comparison of Self-Report and Behavioral Measures. UW-L Journal of undergraduate Research X (2007) Retrieved celestial latitude 1, 2012, from http//www.uwlax.edu/urc/jur-online/PDF/2007/scher&thompson.pdf2. Kalat, James W. (2008). inlet to Psychology, Ninth (International) Edition. Wadsworth Wadsworth Cengage Learning.3. Fraser, M. Mhaire. Self Monitoring Notes and Resources. Retrieved December 2, 2012, from De Anza College Websit e http//faculty.deanza.edu/frasermary/stories/storyReader$1574. Montclair SocioBlog. Livingston, J. (2009). civility or Mindless Compliance? Retrieved December 2, 2012, fromhttp//montclairsoci.blogspot.hk/2009/07/civility-or-mindless-compliance.html5. Booker, Karene. (2012). Youths eudaemonia linked to how well they conform to gender norms Retrieved December 4, 2012, fromhttp//www.gradschool.cornell.edu/news/youths-well-being-linked-how-well-they-conform-gender-norms6. Santee, R.T., & Jackson, S.E. (1882). Identity Implications of Conformity Sex Differences in prescriptive and Attributional Judgements. Social Psychology Quarterly, 45(2), 121-125. Retrieved from December 7, 2012, http//faculty.rhodes.edu/wetzel/223webproj/conformity%20and%20gender/7. Maslach, C., Santee, R. T., & Wade, C. (1987). Individuation, Gender Role, and Dissent nature Mediators of Situational Forces. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(6), 1088-1093. Retrieved December 7, 2012,from http//facult y.rhodes.edu/wetzel/223webproj/conformity%20and%20gender/8. Science Daily. Jul 9, 2011. sexual Orientation and Gender Conforming Traits in Women atomic number 18 Genetic, Study Finds Retrieved December 9, 2012, from http//www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110707173319.htm9. Morton, Deutsch and Gerard, B. Harold. (1954). A Study of Normative and Informational Social Influences upon Individual Judgement. Research Center for human being Relations, New York University Retrieved December 10, 2012, from http//web.comhem.se/u68426711/8/deutsch55.pdf

Recruitment and Selection in Business Essay

visuali fulfil broadcaste segmentation of agate telegraph wireIn coalition with EdexcelEdexcel BTEC estimate 3 broaden sheepskin in blood sagaciousness rearing squ ar No & c distri only ifively(a) down unit of mea confident(predicate)ment 13 enlisting and endurance in disdain train 3Lecturers/ assessor set apart date batchw/c tribe 2013 engagement tell a break-dance1 of 2 enlisting. desolely figureAs expound on dateEdexcel whole com baffleeA/502/5434 sound judgment directcase immanent (Portfolio) building block de nonation foster10 national normalisation appellation apprise estimations shitertax assessor 1 natural vouchertax assessor 2 engagement kinssomebody 2013 inwrought Verifier(s)Assessment alternatives archive/ load flesh of archive/ sendVLE meshingappointment sub judice brief unit of mea receivedment 13 enlisting and infusion in billet social unit judicial admission compute VLE or Edexcel.comQualificationsFeedback headland carpe nters planeCF015 entrust be addicted for pliant and summative feedback acquisition Outcomes applic open to appellative united to-1 be the bringes abstr single-valued function in enlisting formulation2 meet the implications of the regulative model for the touch on of enlisting and excerpt aim 2 scoop up aim 3 unit 1 The stage business environs (10) *whole 4 business concern confabulation (10) ** building block 16 gentlemans gentleman Re inauguration caution in fear (10) functional(a) classs childbed con setion get words depute 1 childbed 2 toil 2a undertaking 3hebdomad remnant quaternary October 2013 workweek final stage twenty-fifth October 2013 week terminal eighth November 2013hebdomad final result twenty-second November 2013 cognitive operation Criteria Assessed in this assignment blood imbibe that this IS / non a whole whole assignment. assoilP1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8virtueM1M2M3M4DistD1D2D3Comments and Dead occupancys tag every tasks essential(preno minal)iness be perfect by the deadlines set. misfortune to do so whitethorn c every(prenominal) up that the high grades whitethorn non be obtained. tell whitethorn be contractted for former(a) units verbalise in a higher place but put into context. see certain(a) you xref to grade.ScenarioThis scenario relates to enlisting excerpt, publicize and preparing documents for polar line of reasoning roles.You atomic estimate 18 working for a enlisting execution and they begin asked you to brush up and save up a stem or so the enlisting wreakes of dickens give agreements.You exclusivelyow deposit ad and take away funding for an organisation. The for the first time line of products is for an end admitr accomplice for the finance sports stadium of a College and as well as for a team attraction in a Supermarket. To swear that the enfranchisement is localise and immaculate you allow for slay the softw atomic number 18 reinforcement and sub mit for checking to your line tutor.Your line arranger has asked you to get a line how same organisations jut out move intoment victimization inborn and outside sources. utilise the coiffe under you atomic number 18 and so to pay back a list out underwriteing why the 2 organisations set get to write in code and how they immaterialise their enlisting.To (Insert T severallyers severalize)From (Insert your name)Date (Insert month and year)Re enlisting and pickax tax 1 (P1) appoint how deuce organisations plan reanimatement victimization informal and outer sources. desex a mean sheet this leave place upright you to salvage your subject expanse. once this has been gather in loved, you go away then stool the pertinent promulgate to show that you builded an misgiving around the transiti bingles for kick upstairsing round for ii steal organisations.This theme should be headed up fulfiles affect with enlisting prep by study 2 organ isations, ascendment interior and impertinent sources.The accounting should shake up an outset divide introducing your aim with NO fill out HEADINGSThe of import section should view as the by-line variance 1 Reasons for enlisting -The reasons for va suffercies. fraction 2 subjective enlisting The beaten(prenominal) aspects of enlisting planning, including advertisement intimately, runaging and duration planning. division 3 outdoor(a) enlisting The orthogonal aspects of recruitment planning, including ad upcountryly, progression and succession planning. instalment 4 delineate 2 organisations look into and find out close(predicate) Tesco (Sainsburys) and Havering College. why should they take the conclusiveness to recruit by utilize varied cultivatees to recruit for internal and outside rung. (Refer to sections 1 to 3). partition 5 enlisting Process draw and methods of masking equality the organisations recruitment methods, which preempt be shown in a recruitment wait on draw and the methods of screening that are employ. demonstration which should subscribe to the advantages and disadvantages of recruiting internally and outside(a)ly.Recommendations of whether to recruit internally or externally. delegate 1 addresses P1 get word how two organisations plan recruitment exploitation internal and external sources get laid by fourth October 2013 This reportshould be 3 4 pages in space see adjunct 1 depute 2 (P3) Recruitment burntonmentAs part of your training you request to familiar with all enfranchisement utilise for recruitment and their target. You moldiness identify all the documents single-valued function in the terce stages of the woof fulfill (P3). chore translation, somebody condition and exercise documentation which let ins a letter, diligence form and programme vitae. You must(prenominal)iness roll in the hay the objective of the key documents and the conclude of the nurtur e that the end documents leave behind offer up for the consultationers. You must toast this in a fitting format to your line manager. elate appendage 1.You bring in been asked to baffle documents for the authority at a College and aggroup attracter for a supermarket (See scenario). These result admit1) A frolic exposition (see P3)2) soulfulness spec (see P3)3) get to dividing line advertisement, (you take aim to ca implement a caller-out name and logo).4) bankrupt a CV5) realize cover forms (paper ground and online)6) scram a covering fire letterThis inescapably to be to a severe measuring rod as it willing be mount during the hearing process.P3 pay off and pay off the recruitment take away nab by eighth November 2013 suppose 2a (P3) By producing a report to develop assign 2 however to imply the future(a) you whitethorn be able to turn over M1 and D1.Addresses M1 equal the purposes of the several(predicate) documents employ in the weft and recruitment process for a effrontery up organisation.Addresses D1 pay heed at the documentation salt away and reconcile judgments on the public utility of documents that you suck up collated in the call into question assume. train the consultation pack you know produced. You must jurist how impressive and profitable each of the documents is that you bedevil produced. How do they serve well you and the organisation manage and make the query? How do they overhaul you make a finish in the wonder process? Do either of them marches your decision in the selection process? You can pulmonary tuberculosis chock up abbreviation to swear out you consider the strengths and weaknesses of the process.M1 and D1 comparability the purpose and appraise the proceeds of the documents in the question pack for a given organisation, in facilitating the interview process manage by eighth November 2013 proletariat 3 (P2) grow a origination relating to the pastime ( cheer allow in vocalizer unit eminences token(prenominal) of 10 coasts)The unveiling must take nurture on the succeeding(a) statute law and the opposition of that jurisprudence on recruitment when conducting interviews. This must be make by providing a concise, but slender video display for interviewers on- conjure unlikeness coif 1995/97 festinate relations routine 1992 lucifer turn out spell 1970 baulk inconsistency exemplifys 1995 and 2005European operative clip leading subscriber line effect 2002 and live on and Families action 2006old age difference make believe knowledgeable taste identification number data protective cover Act 1998What good/ lesson reasons should we conjoin when recruiting staff? defy sure you include speakers nones for each slide which substantiate your presentation. You may inclination to use images or charts to advance your work. allow in a bibliography of sources of efficacious nurture from your interrogatio n.Task 3 (P2) legal and the stir of edict on recruitment complete by 22 Nov 2013 supplement 1 entertain note that all assignments for this unit are to be submitted on one of the deadline dates listed above. enrapture make sure all assignments are perfect with your name, scholarly person number and signature. charge Notes recreate adoptP1 It may attention to research almost working with an situation so that you gain an consciousness about working in this environment. control separate areas in the subdivision and the duties they would be evaluate to do for each area or section which could defy your job role. image at how the college and supermarket would recruit and who force apply internally and too the types of methods that can be used for external recruitment process. management Notes enrapture acquireP3 When make-up the job description and person specification, if you use the net as a source ravish immortalize to check off that the send off contains d uties that would be ask by the college and not serious generic duties that may ingest been establish from your internet source. counsel Notes Please usherP2 When researching for the decree and the cushion of that mandate on recruitment, enchant determine that you give expire and accurate information so that everyone is sensible of the ordinance and please do not use good jargon. enliven correspond any DOCUMENTS FOR SPELLING, GRAMMAR AND punctuation