Edmunds Corrugated Parts Services - 1246 Words

Edmunds Corrugated Parts Services Charles Reynolds Dr. Charles Woods Modern Management-500 August 10, 2012 Edmunds Corrugated Parts Services Analyze the Issues Faced by Edmunds and Describe what lead the Company to this Situation Edmunds issues were the quarterly earnings. They simply was not as they had been in the past. In the past years Edmunds Corrugated Parts Service Company had seen earnings past the $10 million mark. And now the company is beginning to see clear signs that revenues were becoming stagnated. Mr. Edmunds felt the company did very well up until now. He had employed around one hundred employees that was loyal and worked hard to get the job done. A majority of the workers were neighbors to Mr.†¦show more content†¦Edmunds feel a little more comfortable that new hires are from the neighborhood, the company would have to come up with a strategy that will allow that to happen (Daft, R., 2010). Describe what Strategies Edmunds Could use in the Future to Reduce Potential Crises Before they Happen One strategy Edmunds can use in the future to reduce potential crises before they happen is to develop a mission statement and let the statement reflect the mission of the company from this point on. According to Certo, S., 2006, a mission statement is a written document developed by management, normally based on input by managers as well as nonmanagers, that describes and explains what the mission of an organization actually is. It is very important for an organization to have a mission because it helps management increase the chance of a successful company (Certo, S., 2006). Another strategy Edmunds could use is to perform a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis on a regular basis. According to Certo, S., 2006 a SWOT analysis is a strategic development tool that matches internal organizational strengths and weaknesses with external opportunities and thre ats. SWOT analysis is founded on the notion that if managers thoroughly review such strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, a beneficial strategy for ensuring organizationalShow MoreRelatedManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesDirector: Jayne Conte Cover Designer: Bruce Kenselaar Photo Researcher: Karen Sanatar Manager, Rights and Permissions: Hessa Albader Cover Art: Fotolia Media Editor: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Leghigh-Phoenex Color Text Font: 10/12, Times Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on

The Financial System in Nigeria - 6376 Words

The Financial System in Nigeria: An Overview of Banking Sector Reforms The Financial System in Nigeria: An Overview of Banking Sector Reforms E. J. Ofanson (Ph.D)1 O. M. Aigbokhaevbolo (Ph.D)2 G. O. Enabulu3 Abstract The paper overviews the banking sector reforms within the framework of the Nigerian Financial System. A theoretical approach was adopted although empirical evidence was presented in some cases. It was clear that developments in the banking sub-sector of the Nigerian financial system have contributed to some extent in promoting economic growth and development in the country. However, the operations of some of these institutions were characterized by inefficiency and ineffectiveness. It was also found that the challenges facing†¦show more content†¦It is against this background, that besides the introduction other parts of the paper are structured as follows. Next to the introduction, the paper takes a look at the structure and development of the Nigerian financial system before explaining the role of the financial system in the Nigerian economy. Next to this is the section that addresses the history of banking reforms in Nigeria and the nature of the reforms. The last part co ncludes the paper after a critical look at development implications of banking sector reforms. The Structure and Development of the Nigerian Financial System A financial system is a conglomerate of institutions, markets, instruments and operators that interact to provide such financial services as resource mobilization and allocation, financial intermediation and facilitation of foreign exchange transactions. The Nigerian financial system can be categorized into 2 AAU JMS Vol. 1, No. 1, December 2010. The Financial System in Nigeria: An Overview of Banking Sector Reforms formal (money and capital market institutions) and informal (local money lenders, the thrifts and savings associations and so on) groups. In general the Nigerian financial system comprises the regulatory/supervisory authorities, banks and non-bank financial institutions. By the end of 2006, the system comprised Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), theShow MoreRelatedThe History And Downfalls Of Nigeria Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesUpsets and Downfalls Nigeria has been a democracy since 1999 when the military handed over government power to elected officials. Since then, the countries electoral system has experienced many upsets and downfalls. This transition has been anything but smooth with large amounts of corruption within the country s political and socio-economic system. Due to the ineffectiveness of governance, it has been extremely difficult for Nigeria to effectively democratize. In order to improve Nigeria’s corruptRead MorePublic Health Information About Nigeria Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Nigeria as a country is located in Africa and it is the most populous country with about 170 million people. It is a nation comprising of more than 250 ethnic groups, 380 languages with different range of cultural, religious beliefs and practices according to WHO report of 2000. The country is divided into six geo-political zones, 36 States with the state further subdivided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas and a Federal Capital Territory. 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The Need for Microfinance: The unwillingness or inability of the formal financial institutions to provide financial services to the urban and rural poor, coupled with the un-sustainability of government sponsored development financial schemesRead MoreDoc, Pdf1169 Words   |  5 PagesIndirect  Rule Indirect rule emerged in Nigeria around 1900 when the British government established the Niger Committee, a council that investigated the state of future Nigerian territories. The Committee proposed that chiefs and their respective native institutions should be used in the administration of Nigeria. Such a proposal was prompted by several different groups within Britain who believed that indirect rule would be a more effective colonial system than the Crown Colony administration. TheseRead MoreEssay on Poverty in Nigeria901 Words   |  4 PagesNigeria, with its prodigous oil and natural gas reserves, has the potential to be one of the most affluent places on the planet, were it not for the rampant corruption that defines it. Instead, it is the 20th poorest country in the world1. Much like the guanxi of China, Nigeria practices prebendalism—the use of high-level positions to gain personal wealth. In other words, people exchange money for political favors, which of course c reates a greedy and corrupt society. The extent of this fraudulencyRead MoreImpact of Industrial Development on Nigeria Stock Market1457 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of Industrial development on Nigeria stock market. The potentials of capital market in Nigeria as a catalyst to economic and industrial development cannot be over emphasized. The capital market as an internal part of a country’s financial system operates at the long end of the system to mobilize resources for long term development and growth. Basically, the capital market accelerates growth by providing ,relatively long term capital - debt and equity finance – for government and corporateRead MoreIntellectual Capital And Corporate Performance In Nigeria1690 Words   |  7 PagesINTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND CORPORATE PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA BANKS Dr.Egungwu, Ikenna Banking Finance Department, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, Nigeria E-mail: ikennaegungwu@yahoo.com Egungwu, Ngozi Ursula Accountancy Department, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Anambra State, Nigeria E-mail: ngoziegungwu@yahoo.com Abstract This study is on the interaction between corporate performance variables and Intellectual capitalRead MoreWhat Are The Impact Of Human Capital Accounting On ShareholdersValue Of Oil And Gas Companies?1405 Words   |  6 PagesHUMAN CAPITAL ACCOUNTING AND SHAREHOLDERS’ VALUE OF LISTED OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA Abstract This study evaluated the effect of human capital accounting on shareholders’ value in oil and gas companies in Nigeria. This is with a view to providing information on how costs incurred on personnel could be identified, measured and disclosed on the statement of financial position of companies as an asset which is the key factor to the successful operation in oil and gas industry. The study madeRead MoreEssay On Corporate Governance1029 Words   |  5 PagesThis was adhered to by a comparable code by the Central Bank of Nigeria in 2000 (CBN, 2006) to deal with corporate governance practices in Nigerian financial institutions. Nevertheless, lessons from the corporate collapses and also losses in the last couple of years with respect relative to banks like Intercontinental Bank Plc, Bank PHB Plc, Societe General Bank, Afri-Bank Plc as well as Oceanic Bank Plc have actually highlighted the function, corporate governance techniques could play in keeping

Marketing Research Case Study Essay Sample free essay sample

The market for women’s hair shampoos has become extremely specialised and segmented. In recent old ages a big figure of particular purpose shampoos have appeared on the market. each promising to supply assorted hair attention benefits to the possible user. The Syd Company is diversified maker of consumer packaged goods. At this clip the house has no women’s shampoo in its merchandise line. The company’s selling research forces met late with a little research house. FC Associates. and discussed the possibility of survey of immature female grownups populating in Bombay. The Syd company had established—through a series of late completed interviews with a little group of adult females consumers—that â€Å"body† ( seemingly implying hair thickness or comprehensiveness ) in a hair shampoo was often mentioned as a coveted feature. Armed with this instead unelaborated information refering the desirableness of â€Å"body† in a shampoo. the firm’s research lab forces had set to work on developing some archetypal compounds that appeared potentially capable of presenting this characteristic to a greater extent than trade names presently in the market. During the initial conversation between Syd and FC Associates. the undermentioned managerial jobs came to the visible radiation: 1. Assuming that research lab forces could bring forth a women’s shampoo with superior â€Å"body† . is the market for this merchandise big plenty to warrant its commercialisation? 2. What benefits in add-on to â€Å"body† should be incorporated into the new shampoo? 3. What are the characteristics—product use. hair type. demographics—of people who are peculiarly attracted to a shampoo with â€Å"body† ? ( Knowledge of these features would be desirable in specifying the mark section for the new product. ) 4. How would the construct of â€Å"body† in shampoo be communicated ; what does the consumer mean by â€Å"body’ in shampoo? ( Knowledge of the intensions of â€Å"body† would be valuable in design of promotional messages and point of purchase materials. ) Since Syd had no entry in the shampoo market. the company had small to travel on in the manner of secondary beginnings of information. While assorted market statistics could be obtained for the bing trade names. the house was chiefly interested in features appropriate for a comparatively new construct in the market place—a shampoo that emphasized â€Å"body† . PROBLEM STRUCTURING Although formal statistical determination analysis was non applied in this instance. it became evident that the house faced three primary classs of action: 1. Continue the proficient development of a new shampoo that delivers the consumer benefit: â€Å"body† . 2. End proficient development related to this characteristic and exchange attempts to some other shampoo benefit. 3. Discontinue all the attempts in women’s shampoo merchandises. Continuance of proficient development on â€Å"body† . in bend. is based on two considerations: 1. that new merchandise can be developed successfully from a proficient point of view 2. And that the new merchandise can be sold in sufficient measures to warrant future development spendings. start-up disbursal. on-going production and selling costs. plus gaining an appropriate return on invested financess. Informal analysis indicated a high chance of proficient success during the resulting 12 months with comparatively modest extra spendings in proficient resources. The major job appeared to be one of market potential—more specifically. whether a mark section of sufficient size was available to justify proficient development and eventual commercialisation. Cost AND VALUE OF MARKETING RESEARCH Current uncertainnesss about the possible demand for the new merchandise suggested the desirableness of carry oning selling research beyond the preliminary consumer group interviews that had been late conducted by the house. Crude estimations of the cost versus value of extra information ( including such facets as the costs of go oning proficient development and start-up. the chance of proficient and selling ‘success† . and likelihood that study consequences would right place the appropriate province of nature ) clearly indicated the advisability of farther selling research. The job was non whether marketing research could be justified—the quickest and crudest estimations demonstrated its possible value—but instead. what sort of research should be done that seemed more likely to reply management’s inquiries. Indeed the chief intent of marketing personnel’s visit to FC Associates was to discourse an exploratory survey that could be helpful in pl aning the chief survey that would finally be conducted on national footing. chance based sample. What should be the chief survey screen? How could management’s inquiries be translated into a research design? What extra inquiries should be raised? Agreement was reached that FC would make the exploratory survey. RESEARCH DESIGN Given the explorative character of the research. inquiry of equal sample size and representative cape were non of primary importance. What was germane to the pilot research was the demand for FC to interpret management’s inquiry into operational footings and. in the procedure. to develop extra inquiries of relevancy to the design of the chief piece of the research that would be undertaken after the pilot consequences were analyzed. The chief focal point of the explorative research was to be on shampoobenefits. In the class of carry oning preliminary consumer group interviews the client’s selling research forces had assembled a list of about 30 benefits that either had been advertised or were thought by at least some consumers to be relevant in the pick of a hair shampoo. Not surprisingly. many of the benefit description were excess ; hence. the first measure was to pare down the list to a smaller set. The tabular array 1 shows the 16 benefits that emerged from the culling procedure. The preliminary research seemed to bespeak that the first 10 benefits were likely the most of import of the 16. Table: 1 THE LIST OF HAIR SHAMPOO BENEFITS USED IN QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Hair stay clean a long clip2. Hair stays free of dandruff or flaking3. Hair that looks feels natural4. Hair that has a organic structure5. Manageable hair that goes where you want it6. Hair with shininess or lustre7. Hair with no split ends8. Hair with adequate protein9. Hair that doesn’t acquire oily fast10. Hair that’s non excessively dry11. Hair with comprehensiveness12. Hair that’s non frizzy13. Hair that holds a set14. Hair with a texture15. Hair that’s easy to comb when it dries16. Hair that looks free and insouciant Indeed the preliminary research suggested that the first six benefits likely constituted the â€Å"CORE SET†Ã¢â‚¬â€ i. e. . those benefits of truly primary importance to consumer pick. A 2nd affair of importance concerned the nature of respondents to be interviewed. The study’s patron suggested a purposive sample of immature female adults—aged 18 through 30— with an approximative 60-40 split between married and individual. Merely the consumers who shampooed their hair at least twice a month. on the norm. were to be interviewed. In brief. the sample was to be aimed at a specific age group of comparatively active users of shampoo. KEY RESEARCH QUESTIONS Given the accent placed on merchandise benefit penchants. peculiarly the benefit of â€Å"body† . a figure of accessory research inquiries were developed from the preliminary 1s indicated by the client: 1. How do consumers of hair shampoo perceive assorted benefits as normally ( or seldom ) available in shampoos presently on the market? 2. Given the freedom to do up her ain †ideal† shampoo. what â€Å"bundles† of benefits do consumers desire? Specifically. how frequently is â€Å"body† included in their ideal benefit packages? 3. Assuming that a consumer desired and could acquire a shampoo that delivered â€Å"body. † what other benefits are besides desired in the same trade name? 4. What is conjured up by the phrase â€Å"shampoo body† and its assorted connotations—that is. what words are elicited on a free association footing? 5. How do penchants for â€Å"body† in the shampoo relate to a. Frequency of hair shampooing ( i. e. . heavy vs. light users of shampoos ) ? B. Percept of its handiness in current shampoos? c. Preference to other benefits in add-on to â€Å"body’ ? d. Hair physiology and have oning manner? e. Demographics ( i. e. . age. matrimonial position. instruction etc. ) ? These inquiries set the phase for FC Associates to develop the questionnaire. Administration The questionnaire was first pre-tested. Following this. the questionnaire was administered on a personal. in-the-home footing by the interviewers. The respondents were drawn from the metropolis on a purposive footing. Interview clip averaged approximately half an hr ; all informations were collected over a span of one hebdomad. Assume that you are the R A ; D director for the SYD Company: a. How would you knock the survey in footings of its utility to you? b. If you had the chance to plan the pilot undertaking from your point of view. what inquiries would you like to include in the questionnaire?

Othello And Iago Essays - Othello, Fiction, Film,

Othello And Iago One of the most interesting and exotic characters in the tragic play " Othello", by William Shakespeare, is "honest" Iago. At first Iago seems to be motiveless. However, the motivation behind his actions lie more in Iago's quest for personal gain, as opposed to just being evil for evil's sake. Iago's greediness can be validated by examining his manipulation of Roderigo, Cassio, and most importantly, Othello. Iago's main interest is the destruction of Othello. The reason being that Othello has chosen another man, Cassio, as his second-in-command, preferring him to Iago. This resentment, accompanied by Iago's accusations of adultery and his blatant racism, cause Iago to despise the kindly moor. Because Iago is much too smart to immediately kill Othello, he proceeds with the arduous process of dismantling him emotionally. Iago also knows he must distance himself from any part of this, so he cleverly gets someone to do his dirty work. The first to fall victim to Iago's manipulation is half-witted Roderigo. Iago knows Roderigo is consumed by lust for Desdemona, and would do what it takes to make her his own. Iago tells Roderigo that the only way to win Desdemona's love is to make money to procure gifts for her. "Put money in thy purse..."(act I scene 3 line 339). However Iago is just taking those gifts intended for Desdemona and keeping them for himself, and making a profit. Roderigo eventually starts to question Iago's honesty. When faced with the accusations, Iago simply offers that the killing of Cassio will aid in his cause and Roderigo falls for it. In doing this, Iago keeps Roderigo in the dark and continues to profit from him monetarily. Roderigo is also used as a device in both Cassio and Othello's downfall. Iago's actions demonstrate his monetary and power based motivations, invalidating the claim that Iago is evil for evil's sake. Cassio like Roderigo follows Iago blindly, thinking the whole time that Iago is trying to aid him, when in fact Iago, motivated by his lust for power, is attempting to remove Cassio of his position as lieutenant. With Roderigo's help Iago causes Cassio to forfeit his position as Othello's second-in-command. Cassio is also used to bring out the monster inside of Othello. In Iago's exploitation of Cassio, it is clear to see that, although evil in his deeds, Iago is strictly motivated by his hunger for power. As mentioned earlier, Iago's main intention lies in the degradation of Othello. Iago feels that he was best suited to hold the position of lieutenant, as opposed to Michael Cassio. From this Iago manufactures accusations of adultery, claiming that Othello has slept with his wife, Emilia. "...Twixt my sheets/ he's done my office."(Act I scene 3 line 380) These accusations are merely excuses to validate his own pleasant acts and greed, and should be seen as nothing more. Again it's plain to see that, in Iago's deception of Othello he is motivated by his jealousy and subsequent bitterness. In conclusion, it's evident that Iago is evil for greed's sake, as opposed to evil for evil's sake. His craving can be seen in his clever manipulation of Roderigo, Cassio, and Othello. He uses Roderigo for his own financial benefit, as well as support his master plan; the destruction of Othello. Cassio was unfortunate enough to be chosen ahead of Iago as Othello's second-in-command, and was reduced to a deteriorated state by Iago because of it. Lastly, driven by his bitterness towards Othello for choosing Cassio over him, Iago takes it upon himself to ensure Othello's demise. Iago is an extremely complex character, and far from ordinary. His complexity and uniqueness makes him one of Shakespeare's greatest villains.

Quantitative Analysis of Salicylates by Visible Spectroscopy Essay Example

Quantitative Analysis of Salicylates by Visible Spectroscopy Essay Example Quantitative Analysis of Salicylates by Visible Spectroscopy Essay Quantitative Analysis of Salicylates by Visible Spectroscopy Essay Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to learn how to use a spectrophotometer to measure the amount of light absorbed by different concentrations of salicylic acid, compare those concentrations to our unknown sample and to use the data collected to compile a graph showing the levels of absorbance of the different concentrations. Methods and materials: In this lab we used a spectrophotometer, a test tube filled with water to be used as a blank, six test tubes with different concentrations of salicylic acid ranging from 0 mg/dL to 5 mg/dL and one test tube with an unknown concentration of salicylic acid. We set the spectrophotometer to a wavelength of 540 nm. We adjusted the transmittance to 0%. Next we placed the test tube with the water into the spectrophotometer and adjusted the transmittance dial to 100%. We removed the test tube containing the water and replaced it with the first concentration of 0 mg/dL. We recorded the absorbance and repeated the test for a total of 5 readings. We did this for each concentration. We then calculated the average of each concentration’s absorbance readings and plotted the averages onto the graph. Once we had gathered the data for our known concentrations we then repeated the procedure for our unknown concentration. We again took the average and plotted that on the absorbance curve to determine the concentration of the unknown. Observations and Data: Calibration Standard| Absorbance Reading 1| Absorbance Reading 2| Absorbance Reading 3| Absorbance Reading 4| Absorbance Reading 5| AverageAbsorbance Reading| 0 mg/dL| 0. 007| 0. 010| 0. 007| 0. 005| 0. 006| 0. 07| 0. 5 mg/dL| 0. 032| 0. 036| 0. 037| 0. 041| 0. 038| 0. 037| 1. 5 mg/dL| 0. 098| 0. 100| 0. 098| 0. 099| 0. 096| 0. 098| 2. 5 mg/dL| 0. 150| 0. 149| 0. 153| 0. 154| 0. 150| 0. 151| 3. 5 mg/dL| 0. 234| 0. 239| 0. 237| 0. 250| 0. 229| 0. 238| 5. 0 mg/dL| 0. 286| 0. 287| 0. 288| 0. 292| 0. 291| 0. 289| Unknown A| 0. 241| 0. 238| 0. 239| 0. 241| 0. 241| 0. 239| Based on the data from the known concentrations I found our unknown to be a concentration of 3. mg/dL. Conclusions: We used a spectrophotometer to determine the conce ntration curve for the known samples then used both the spectrophotometer and the concentration curve to determine the concentration of the unknown sample. This technique can be used by toxicologists to determine the amount of drugs in a person’s blood. This can be helpful if there was an overdose or if the district attorney needed to know the concentration of drugs in someone’s system.

Islamic Religion Term Paper

Islamic Religion Term Paper Islamic Religion Term Paper Islamic Religion Term Paper: Islam is in the Quran There is no bad faith, there are bad people Islamic religion term paper: Intro. If you write Islamic religion term paper you should begin with general introduction. Say that Islamic papers religion term is very interesting theme and close to you. However, today Muslims are branded as terrorists It is incorrect and immoral. Each faith has the right to exist. The religion of Islam is a very peaceful and loving religion. However, people recall terrorist when they think about the religion of Islam. Everybody knows that Quran is a holy book for Muslims; this fact should be mentioned in your Islamic religion term paper. Islam is the second largest global religion. Translated from the Arabic, Islam means submission. There are five basic dogmas shared by all Muslims:faith in one God (he us the only) and all prophets belief in angels faith in the book (Quran) faith in the Day of Judgment faith in fate (Kadar) According to Islami c primary sources, the essence of God is incomprehensible to human reason. Muslim traditionally believes that the Quran is a message of Allah sent to him by the angel. Islam respects all rights of personality and states clearly that none of them can be upset or changed, even if doing so would be in the societys favor. Muslims view their present life on Earth as a test of god. These facts should not be missed while writing the Islamic religion term papers. Muslim religion never supported to any kind of criminal activities such as bombing facilities, kidnapping and killing innocent people. Islamic term papers are very wide theme where small details cannot be ignored. Islamic religion term paper: Islam Like Way of Life. The main idea of Islam is to create all-sufficient person, a healthy family and a harmonious society. If you are a Muslim you should satisfy rules of religion. A basic element of society in Islam is family. Marriage in Islam is a civil contract which usually co nsists of two qualified parties in the presence and two witnesses. Today, in real life almost none Muslim woman can get an education, work and associate with people, if the man against. These facts will help you in passing good successful Islamic term paper. Women wear dresses of dark color, therefore, you could seen no body, no figure, no real beauty of women.At the head they wear long scarves that covered their neck and hair. In such clothes females seemed to be sad, and mysterious. Searching information about Islam women for your Islamic religion term paper, you may find a lot of contradictory elements. For example, such faith forbids smoking, but now it is a personal choice for everybody. Islamic religion term paper: Conclusion. Good luck in your Islamic term paper writing! I hope this article inspired you to create a written masterpiece!

Personal Financial Problem Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Financial Problem - Term Paper Example It is very easy for people to save money on their discretionary costs and use it in their habits like coffee or cigarette. This is because one might see that they are only using few coins to buy coffee. However, if these few coins can be saved for a week or two, they can experience the significance of this saving. If we can make the calculations of the amount we can save if we dont take coffee per day, and project it for 1 year, 10 years and even 20 years to people, some might change their minds about not taking coffee. Especially, those from large families of around ten people, if you save $20 per day, it results to saving $146,000 after 20 years. One would see that this amount of money is too high and can begin to save. However, to save this amount, one can resort to purchasing alternative beverages that cost less by $2 or more like cappuccino. We can make people realize that saving after a period makes a huge saving in the end (Lorenzo, 2013). To make people stop taking coffee even if they say they enjoy it, we can make them realize the cost of taking coffee and compare it with the cost of taking another beverage after a period of time (Richard, 2013). Coffee, first of all, is an addictive beverage with caffeine component that is considered a drug. It, therefore, influences peoples behavior as it has an addictive feeling (Tiago, 2014). However, once one has already begun taking it, it becomes hard for them to stop (Rob, 2013). There are personal problems that such coffee or cigarette addiction bring to us. One will go to an extent of cutting on their budget for basic needs like food to go take coffee. It therefore leads to lack of proper budget planning and following (Scott, Cynthia, & George, 2008). People can also use budgets to help them plan their expenditure. They need to have their financial goals right and put their eyes on the goals to achieve

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 5

Economics - Essay Example This is known as satisficing. If the firm wants to maximize its profits it will try to equate marginal revenue and marginal cost. Marginal cost refers to the increase in the total costs of a firm caused by increasing its output by one extra unit. From the viewpoint of economists, firms normally produce at a point at which the marginal costs are positive. Marginal revenue refers to the receipt from selling an extra unit of output. On the other hand, when the firms go for satisficing the managers of a firm need to make enough profit in order to satisfy the demands of their shareholders. Satisficing or profit satisficing denotes the managerial behavior that attempts to achieve some level profits. Once the satisfactory level of profits has been achieved, the managers are free to maximize their rewards that can be available from the particular company. All the markets are in equilibrium when the demand and supply are equal. Equilibrium or equilibrium price refers to the price level of a particular commodity at which quantity demanded equals quantity supplied. Here the price and quantity demanded are having a negative relation. The variables which are negatively related, for example price and quantity demanded, have an inverse relation. Here the price is a determinant and the quantity is determined. An increase in the price leads to a fall in the quantity demanded and vice versa. There are many inversely related variables in economics, for example rate of interest and borrowing, economic growth and balance of payment, unemployment and inflation etc, that is an increase in the rate of interest, an increase in the economic growth and an increase in the unemployment will cause a fall in borrowing, balance of payment and unemployment respectively. The actual market always tends towards the equilibrium price where demand and supply curves cut each other.

Letter of Introduction Essay Example for Free

Letter of Introduction Essay Dear Chef Blaylock, I want thank you accepting me into this program. Im also very excited to learn new things about cooking. Being in this class will help me a lot later on in my goal of becoming a chef. I cook for my family and friends but I know that there are still a lot of things about cooking that I dont know and would love to learn in this class. see more:want to be a chef I chose to be in this culinary arts program because I know that I want to be a chef when Im older, and I wanted to start my education as soon as I could. I want to be a chef because I would get to cook every day and I can cook so many different things, so I wont be doing the same thing every day. By being in this class I hope to learn how to incorporate different foods together in a good way. I would also like to improve on my knife skills, and overall have a faster pace in cooking things. I like that this class is hands on. Im not very good at taking notes or doing assignments, which makes this program perfect for me because Im cooking almost everyday in here. I dont have a lot of experience in cooking other that me cooking for my family. I watch and helping my mom cook, its interesting because she can get very creative with food, I learn a lot from her. There are many skills I want to gain from being in this class, like the proper way to use knifes and use them fast and effective. I will gain a better perspective on the way things work together in a dish. I will also learn how to cook food properly for someone in a certain amount of time. This class is my favorite part of my day. It makes me excited to wake up in the morning knowing that I can come here and cook food for people to buy and eat. I love that people are eating the food that Im learning on. Knowing that people are eating the food i make puts a smile on my face and keeps me happy throughout the day. My goal is to become an executive chef in a really nice restaurant, so that I can make food for people and share my happiness through the food I make. Sincerly, Robin Komora

Vietnam War :: essays research papers

France occupied all of Vietnam by 1884. Independence was declared after World War II, but the French continued to rule until 1954 when communist forces under Ho Chi Minh, who took control over the north, defeated them. Eisenhower’s advisers believed that Ho Chi Minh’s powerful communist-nationalist appeal might set off a geographical chain reaction. As Ho Chi Minh’s government established itself in North Vietnam, Eisenhower supported a noncommunist government in South Vietnam and ordered covert operations and economic programs to prevent Ho Chi Minh from being elected the leader of a unified Vietnam. The Vietnam War was a military struggle fought in Vietnam from 1959 to 1975. It was started by the Communist guerrillas (the so-called Vietcong) in the South, whom were backed by Communist North Vietnam, in an attempt to overthrow the South Vietnam government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ngo Dinh Diem was overthrown and killed in a coup d'etat in 1963 by his own generals causing political confusion in South Vietnam. By 1965 the Vietcong was strong enough to form main force units to fight pitched battles with the South Vietnamese army in the countryside, although not in the urban areas which stayed under Saigon government control. The security in South Vietnam continued to deteriorate putting the Communists in reach of a victory. By 1965, the US president Lyndon Johnson approved regular bombing of North Vietnam to prevent the total collapse of the Saigon regime by the dispatch of troops and marking their overt entry into the war. United States forces landed at Da Nang and began fighting in Vietnam. On March 2 1965 the first of four phases of the air wars in Vietnam happened, along with the first sustained bombing of the United States bomibg campain against North Vietnam accord. This air was war was called Rolling Thunder. Rolling Thunder had three objectives; reduce the infiltration; boost South Vietnamese morale and to inform Hanoi of the ever increasing expense of a continued insurgence in the South. In Hanoi, Rolling Thunder was seen as another obstacle to overcome in the struggle to unite the North and the South under the Vietnamese rule of Ho Chi Minh followers. They would find a way to withstand the American air assault, making it too expensive for Washington to maintain. On March 2 1965, the United States Air Force participated in Rolling Thunder for the first time, and inflicted heavy damage by large numbers of aircrafts, available at Thai bases, that accompanied b-57s to an ammunition depot Xom Bong.

Good Governance in Pakistan

Good Governance in Pakistan. OUTLINES: 1. Introduction 2. Definition of Governance 3. Governance in Pakistan. 4. Failures of Governance in Pakistan 5. Causes of failures: 1. Political commotion 2. No democratic setup 3. Military intrusion 4. Feudal indulgence 5. Massive Corruption 6. Constitutional crises 7. Institutional clashes 8. Mismanagement of resources 9. Lack of Accountability 10. Over Exploitation of funds 11. Restrictions on media 12. Ethnic conflicts 13. Secterianism 14. Extremism 6 Essentials of Good Governance 1. Public Participation 2. National Integration 3. Political stability 4.Constitutional supremacy 5. Institutional supremacy 6. Unrestricted media 7. No military intervention 8. Socio economic development 9. Independent judiciary 7. Good governance and Islam 8. Distinction between Good governance and bad Governance 9 Parameter of good governance .Responsibility .Accountability .Rule of law Legitimacy .open administrative system Good relationship between ruler and r uled Definition of bad governance .Arbitrary policies of ruler .Irresponsible attitude No rule of law Unjust legal system Closed administrative system 10. Impacts of good Governance Individual Life Social lifePolitical life Economic life 11. Good Governance and democracy 12. Conclusion. ESSAY: Good Governance in Pakistan Good governance has got great importance in our state as the problems of corruption, red tapism and inefficiency crept in the internal structure of our country. Today good governance not only occupies central place in our state but also regarded as crucial element in building nation. Nation cannot flourish in the absence of good governance. It is the need of an hour. Without the presence of good governance, no country can play pivotal role in the orb. It is regarded as the soul of country.Governance is very pertinent in every sphere of life, whether it is house or office, good governance is needed to perform effectively. It provides strong foundation for the develop mental process. Governance is more than mere management. It is not only about decision making, policy formulating, priority settings but also implementation or results. Good governance has been defined as, â€Å"Good Governance related to effective management†. It is anchored on legitimacy and creditability. According to World Bank Report of 1989, A public service that is efficient, a judicial system that is reliable, and administration that is accountable to public†.Similarly another report was presented by World Bank in 1992, According to this report; good governance includes public sector management, accountability, legal framework, information and transparency. Pakistan as an independent state got recognition on 14 august 1947. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the dynamic personality who came forward for the cause of Muslims. Muslims were deprived of their due rights. This mighty man had burnt the midnight oil and converted the dream of Allama Iqbal into reality . Praiseworthy performance of Quaid-e-azam laid the foundation of Pakistan.Unfortunately, Pakistan suffered badly in the early years of establishment. It faced millions of problems. These issues are summarized as follows; Political disturbance, No democratic setup, military intrusion, massive corruption, feudal dispensation, institutional clashes, constitutional crises, escalating inflation, mismanagement of resources, lack of accountability, no rule of law, deteriorating law and order condition, over exploitation of funds, secreterism, ethnic conflict, extremism and international conspiracies. All these issues are the main reason of failure of Governance in Pakistan.These issues are so interconnected that it is very difficult to eliminate them. They are eating the roots of Pakistan. Now let’s have a cursory look on the details of the above mentioned causes which are spreading like cankerous inside Pakistan. Political commotion plays very negative role in every state. No coun try in this orb, can survive easily in political turmoil. Political instability is the root cause of all evils. Since Independence, Pakistan has been facing the threat of political hubbub. It created a big gap in the economic development and progress. It gives platform for several others problems.The condition of Pakistan is not commendable. It faces bundles of threats because of political instability. Governement should play effective role to curb this menace. Several miscreants are taking benefits from this self created political instability. For the survival of their own existence, politicians are trapping in the nets of trouble makers. Good governance cannot establish in the presence of political commotion. Politicians have become power greedy. Lust for power has tightly closed the curtain of brain. They cannot have the potentials to comprehend the shrewdness of trouble makers.They are habitual of perks, privileges and power. No democratic set is present in Pakistan. It further aggravated the deteriorating condition. It has created unstable environment around the whole country. No one is satisfied and happy since independence. Absence of democratic setup gives birth to multitudes of problems. This gigantic problem is creating turmoil. Constitutional catastrophe was the biggest problem of Pakistan. After independence Pakistan took long seven years to draft constitution. It also laid barriers in the path of governance. Constitution provides framework for policies.Decisions have been taken in order to view constitutional boundaries. No decision has been taken outside the framework of constition. Violation of constitution is considered as crime. Violator would be granted severe punishment. Military intrusion is also considered disastrous for the democratic set up. It puts adverse impact on the decision making process. It negated the image of Pakistan. In the initial years of Pakistan establishment, corrupt politicians usurped the right of innocent people. This paved the way for military to rule the newly born state.Constant four military rules devastated the democratic set up. Feudal dispensation in the early years of establishment created a big gap in the development process. Massive corruption had been viewed. Wealthy feudal class joined hand with politicians. They started eating the treasure of people. Corrupt bureaucrats were also engaged in cleaning the wealth of people. This is the reason of failure of governance in Pakistan. In the presence of institutional clashes, governance cannot establish its foothold. Recent clash between executive and judiciary has created disturbance around the whole country.Negative image has portrayed around the whole orb. Good governance needs a pleasant environment to establish its foundation Mismanagement of resources is another mighty problem for good governance. Governemnet should formulate effective measures to solve this gigantic issue. Lack of accountability has been creating tension since indepe ndence. Improper usage of funds is increasing the rate of inflation. Pakistan is also under debt trap. It is all happening due to absence of accountability. Corruption can easily be removed with proper channel of accountability.Check and balance is very essential for the maintenance of funds. Over exploitation of resources and funds is creating havoc. It gives birth to food insecurity and dissatisfaction among the masses. Deteriorating law and order condition of Pakistan are adding fuel to fire. It creates an environment of fear and insecurity. Sectarianism, extremism and ethnic rivalry all are against the norms of good governance. These curses should be removed from Pakistan. International conspiracies have become the norm of the day. Presences of Pakistan in these conspiracies have become the fashion.It also put worse impact on good governance. Now let’s have a glance on the essentials of good governance. Good governance can easily flourish in the presence of followings; Pu blic participation, national cohesion, national integration, constitutional supremacy, institutional supremacy, strong foundation, independent judiciary, free media ,socioeconomic development, and so on. Presence of public participation plays very effective role in the establishment of good governance. It revolves around decision making process. Public support and cooperation possesses great importance in good governance.It paves the way for good governance. National cohesion and integration is very necessary for the establishment of good governance. When people joined hands together no power can defeat them. So in this regard national integration is very pertinent. Constitutional supremacy is very important in this regard. It provides framework for policy makers. On the same lines institutional supremacy is also very much important. This clash is erupted in the absence of mutual consensus. Negotiation is a better way to curb this clash. Socio economic development provides strong fo undation to governance.It includes the followings; controlled population, massive employment opportunities, proper education system, Effective rule of law, improved law and order condition, powerful system of accountability, removal of corruption and so on. Now let’s have look on the concept of good governance by Islam. Islam is the religion of peace and prosperity. For the sake of prosperity and peace, it gives the message of equality, justice, responsibility, proper check and balance and so on. Now the question arises here, what is the difference between good governance and bad governance? The answer clearly reflects the distinction.Good governance totally revolves around legitimacy, responsibility, rule of law, and opens administrative system whereas bad governance indicates towards arbitrary policy making, no rule of law, irresponsibility, unjust legal system, restrained relation between ruler and ruled. Here another question arises, what are the impacts of good governanc e? It puts positive impacts on individual life, social life, political life, and economic life. It spreads the environment of peace and prosperity. Individual feels secure, when all his/her basic necessities of life would be fulfilled.It removes the feeling of self deprivation and insecurity. When individuals feel secure, ultimately, whole society feels secure. Society is made up of groups and groups are formed from individuals. Groups formed nation. When nation is satisfied, it ultimately brings gratification around the whole country. All are interconnected and intertwinted. It ultimately brings satisfaction in political and economic spheres. Now let’s have cursory look on good governance and democracy. Both democracy and good governance are interconnected. According to Abraham Lincoln; democracy is for the people by the people and through the people.Active participation of people have been required in the decision making process. Thus, good governance is regarded as the hea rt of every country. It brings management . It is essential for the process of functioning. It boosts the development process. It gives foam to socio economic foundation. It creates an environment of perfection. Necessities of people are fulfilled in an organized manner. According to Etounge Manguella, â€Å"Good Governance implies presence of rule of law, safeguard of human right, existence of honest government, accountability, transparency, predictability and openness†

Espana – creative writing

It was the first time I had seen a large wound, well the first I had remembered, and the first I would never forget. We were on holiday, the perfect holiday from my point of view. There were about twenty of us, varying in age, some from Birmingham, a couple from America but the majority from London. We were going on a road trip, ultimately to Spain but stopping on the way in Dijon, France. As incredible this holiday was starting to sound, the finest part to me was probably the fact that my parents were not here. I had come with my hyperactive 18 year old brother, my cousin who was a medical student, my two aunts, one of whom had brought her grandson along, my beloved nephew. I don't think I can remember a single moment where I wasn't laughing, smiling or simply enjoying the company of my family and the many friends we had made. The journey was astounding; it became one of those trips that could never be able to forget. Stopping in Dijon for a couple of days was amazing. It was the little things that made it unique, for instance my cousin, brother and I would take my nephew, Prem for walks in a stunning rose garden that was simply tranquil. He would want to be with us everywhere, reminding us of ourselves when we were younger and innocent, just he seemed to have five times as much energy as we did. Spain was an experience of wonder. From the people, the night life, foods, activities and that feeling I felt throughout the trip of sheer freedom. It seemed to be absolutely perfect, from the swimming pools to the beach nearby and the balconies that overlooked the entire city that just lit up at night. Being is such a magnificent place, it automatically made me get to know the people I had come with to a great extent. Having this great bond between us all, certainly made us experience Spain just that bit more. In fact, they had made an intense itinerary of things to do for the upcoming week; cram packed with everything you could possibly to in Spain. They had arranged places of great interest that sounded exceedingly pleasurable, but something else had caught my fascination and made be completely obsessed for the next week. It was the swimming pool, including the attached slides, diving facilities, an island with a connecting bridge and a general contemporary look that made it seem as if it was a pool from the next century. Addicted, is the only word that could describe me and my new passion for simply swimming for hours on end, feeding this new obsession of mine. It was here where I learnt how to do my first back flip dive, here where I found out that my swimming shorts could actually drop off if I was not careful, and here where I met my new friend Sarah. She had come to Spain every year for the past 6 years and being Flemish, communication was quite a task but it seemed worth it. We had become inseparable, giving me some of my most treasured memories, one of which was our incessant trips to the swings. I had a new blissful life full of ecstasy, one I would not want to ever give up. I still remember everyday day and moment of the idyllic time I had there. I can distinctively recall upon one day in particular. One I rather forget. It was the three days before I had to leave the resort and that morning, we got up and went straight into the swimming pool. Living life to the greatest, we were enjoying everything we possibly could. Doing our usual routine; Prem, Sarah and I were just taking pleasure in messing about in the pool. Sarah seemed to have gone swimming so much from her various holidays; she had learnt a few tricks. They were astonishing and she tried teaching them to me. Of course I wasn't the best at water gymnastics, but I tried hard and managed to learn some fragments! Soon enough I had got a decent trick of diving into the pool doing a half summersault. Ecstatic about my new accomplishment I forgot about Prem. He was at the back of my mind but to me he would just be playing around, kicking water while staying afloat from armbands. The next thing I remember was when I saw him, climb out of the pool, with some difficulty and strike a pose the way I did when I was just about to do my new diving trick. He shouted right across the pool to where I was and screamed, ‘Hey, Shradha look at me! ‘. That's when I froze. He definitely was not going to be able to make it and the edge of the pool was lined in a fashionable but extremely unpractical layer of sharp broken stones and sand merged together. In a matter of seconds I watched him jump, watched him scrape his shin deep as he twisted and watched him land in the water. At that point I swam as fast as I possibly could to him and jumped out of the pool, pulling him up as well. At this moment it hit me how no one we knew was here but had taken a trip to the beach, how I was left in charge of him and how I had been so irresponsible. As I examined his wound, I saw the deep gash in his leg between his knee and foot, and saw the blood trickling out. That was when a colossal wave of both guilt and worry hit me at once. Along with panic, it was a terrible combination. I was a mess of emotions that clouded my thinking and just made me confused, panicked and flustered. I was trying to comfort Prem and luckily Sarah ran into the hotel and called for help, which came quite fast. She had been the much more practical one, thinking ahead and trying to help the situation. I felt that I could not have been any more negligent and inattentive and that I was to blame for every tear that rushed down his face. The hotel staff came and got him in a relatively stable position but said that Prem should go get it cleaned up and bandaged properly. The hotel managed to contact my aunts and I didn't even know, as I was too wrapped up in other problems. In a matter of what felt like two minutes, my aunts came and saw Prem's leg. Being a doctor, my aunt inspected his leg and succeeded to rustle up a variety of things from the Hotel Staff and Manager. By now I had handed Prem over, and watched as he was being dealt with. I was simply amazed at his courage and bravery. He had stopped crying completely. Even when he was with me, I had not heard a complaint, moan or any sign of making things a hundred things worse than it was. I was learning so much from him, in such a short space of time. The whole incident seemed to have gone in a matter of minuets, but I had felt so many emotions flow through me. It was one of those days I would never forget, and from that day forward I understood so much more about my nephew. How he faced that day made me look at him from another light. For the next day, he complained about wanting to go swimming again. Also, when we got back to France, my cousin, brother and I would once again take my nephew, for walks in stunning rose and lilly gardens because he begged us to take him and never once did we refuse him.

Free Essays on History And Influence Of The 17th-18th Century Colonization Period In

History And Influence of The 17th-18th Century Colonization Period in â€Å"Robinson Crusoe† by Daniel Defoe. I would like to comment about how Crusoe lived with himself after he became a master in a hierarchy where he was once a slave, for I found myself confused with the point that author was trying to make. While reading the biographical information on Defoe, I learned that he defended the slave trade in periodical essays and reviews and owned stock in the Royal African Company . The fact that Crusoe, a white man, is taken as a slave is very ironic; maybe that is what Defoe was trying to convey to the reader. However, if the author’s are with the slave trade, as his stock options suggest, then maybe it is not that surprising. â€Å"At last he lays his head flat upon the ground , close to my foot, and sets my other foot upon his head, as he had done before, and after this, made all the sign to me of subjugation, servitude and submission imaginable, to let me know how he would serve me as long as he lived,† – Robinson Crusoe. It’s this kind of portrayal – barely discernible from European colonial rhetoric and ignorance – that encouraged and justified the murderous â€Å"entrepreneurship† by European colonizers. Crusoe’s fictionalized ingenuity in the science of agriculture adds to the plantation theme. For years he is by himself, and he bides his time with dreaming about the possibility of future slaves. The subtle references to the Moors and the physical discription of Friday makes it obvious that one’s ethnic origin is of great importance in this story. Crusoe does not define Friday as a black man, but rather as a man with a â€Å"not quite black, but very twany; and yet not of an ugly yellow nauseous twany†¦but a bright kind of dun olive Colour†¦ .† Crusoe immediately begins his common theme of domination, by being so arrogant as to name the man Friday and teach him his name (together with ‘Master’ and ... Free Essays on History And Influence Of The 17th-18th Century Colonization Period In Free Essays on History And Influence Of The 17th-18th Century Colonization Period In History And Influence of The 17th-18th Century Colonization Period in â€Å"Robinson Crusoe† by Daniel Defoe. I would like to comment about how Crusoe lived with himself after he became a master in a hierarchy where he was once a slave, for I found myself confused with the point that author was trying to make. While reading the biographical information on Defoe, I learned that he defended the slave trade in periodical essays and reviews and owned stock in the Royal African Company . The fact that Crusoe, a white man, is taken as a slave is very ironic; maybe that is what Defoe was trying to convey to the reader. However, if the author’s are with the slave trade, as his stock options suggest, then maybe it is not that surprising. â€Å"At last he lays his head flat upon the ground , close to my foot, and sets my other foot upon his head, as he had done before, and after this, made all the sign to me of subjugation, servitude and submission imaginable, to let me know how he would serve me as long as he lived,† – Robinson Crusoe. It’s this kind of portrayal – barely discernible from European colonial rhetoric and ignorance – that encouraged and justified the murderous â€Å"entrepreneurship† by European colonizers. Crusoe’s fictionalized ingenuity in the science of agriculture adds to the plantation theme. For years he is by himself, and he bides his time with dreaming about the possibility of future slaves. The subtle references to the Moors and the physical discription of Friday makes it obvious that one’s ethnic origin is of great importance in this story. Crusoe does not define Friday as a black man, but rather as a man with a â€Å"not quite black, but very twany; and yet not of an ugly yellow nauseous twany†¦but a bright kind of dun olive Colour†¦ .† Crusoe immediately begins his common theme of domination, by being so arrogant as to name the man Friday and teach him his name (together with ‘Master’ and ...

How You Will Save Time Dealing with a Professional Assignment Writing Service

How You Will Save Time Dealing with a Professional Assignment Writing Service How You Will Save Time Dealing with a Professional Assignment Writing Service If you are considering hiring a professional writing service to complete an assignment for you, it’s probably because you are feeling crunched for time. There are a number of reasons that this can happen. Maybe you have been given several large assignments that are all due at once, and it’s just physically impossible to complete them all. Perhaps, you are in the midst of a crisis in your personal life, or you are overwhelmed with the demands from your off-campus job. These are all valid reasons for seeking out the help of a professional assignment writing service. One thing to keep in mind is that you want to make sure that this service will in fact save your time. Check their credentials and testimonials to ensure that this really is a professional writing agency. There are lots of individuals who advertise themselves online as professional writers, but they are really amateurs. In this case, you may still end up wasting a lot of time with cumbersome edits. Here are some ways in which the right professional writing service can save your time. 1. Research It’s the most basic and essential component of a good paper, but it certainly is time-consuming! A quality writing service will know how to seek out good sources for your paper. They will also be familiar with the formatting style that you need, whether it’s APA, MLA, Harvard or Turabian. 2. Planning From the very start to finish, the entire process of writing takes a lot of time. A lot of tasks of forming an outline, articulating a thesis statement, producing a first draft and making edits can seem endless. A professional writing service knows how to accomplish each of these steps with ease and competence. You can rest easily knowing that this long and complex undertaking is in good hands. 3. Proofreading Even if you write your paper yourself, it can be a huge help to have an objective third party to proofread your piece for you. It’s very common for people to miss their own errors while trying to check their works. Even a friend may not catch everything. But if you hire a professional to proofread it for you, you can rest assured that you you will receive a paper that’s error-free. 4. Templates for Future Assignments A professionally written research paper or essay can help you save time on future assignments too! Once you have a template for a work, you will find the whole writing process, from start to finish, much easier next time around. Moreover, you will gain knowledge about effective writing as well. 5. More Time to Spend on Other Assignments Avoid the trap of getting so bogged down in one cumbersome assignment that you have no time to prepare for other classes or study for any exams. By taking a writing assignment off your plate, a professional writer frees you up to concentrate on the big picture of all your academic endeavors, ensuring that you will be more successful overall. If you feel like you are getting buried alive under time constraints, there is a hope! Find the right professional assignment writing service, and feel the stress slips down your shoulders.

Government and the public Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Government and the public - Essay Example This is an attempt to find out how effectively the US constitutional doctrine of keeping the public sphere and state apparatus out of the influence of a particular (often dominant) religion has succeeded. It is argued that the public sphere, state and judiciary in the US have only partially succeeded in keeping dominant religion at an arm’s length. This paper is specifically about the institutional biases that exist in the society in favor of dominant religion even as constitutionally, equality and separation of religion from the state is guaranteed. The separation of church and state has been a subject of interest for many social observers and authors. Wald and Calhoun-Brown (2014) have given a nearly comprehensive account of this conflict in their book titled, Religion and Politics in the United States. The book in its first chapter itself, has articulated that â€Å"religion remains an important political factor in the United States† (Wald and Calhoun-Brown, 2014, p.1). Wald and Calhoun-Brown (2014) further in chapter 4 of their book have given a nuanced account of how tricky the business of dealing with religion can be for state. The different ways of defining the possible conflict areas between church and state, namely, the â€Å"†boundary† problem†, â€Å"†the wall of separation† between church and state† and â€Å"the â€Å"free exercise† controversy† (Wald and Calhoun-Brown, 2014) point towards the grey areas that exist. By citing examples and history of the Unit ed States of America as coming of age as an organized state, Wald and Calhoun-Brown (2014) in this chapter have revealed how the growing democratic and equality based principles of state molded the secular nature of the same. They (Wald and Calhoun-Brown, 2014) also have demonstrated how state as a political entity needed to distance itself from religion so that a coherent nation could come to being. What Wald and Calhoun-Brown (2014) have concluded in this chapter is that

Cleland Wildlife Park and park values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cleland Wildlife Park and park values - Essay Example his brief essay, this student will discuss and analyze the case of Cleland wildlife Park; located in southern Australia and visited by this author and friends on May 20th, 2014. Comprising fully 10 square kilometres of land in near Adelaide Australia, this particular natural area houses nearly all of the indigenous and well known species of wildlife indigenous to this particular region of Australia (SouthAustralia, 2014). Furthermore, the following analysis will provide a joint discussion; concentric upon the experience that this student had at the wildlife park in question alongside a discussion and analysis of the importance and relevance that parks and natural areas such as this play within the broader economic, environmental, educational, and tourism/recreation goals that society has. It is the further hope of this particular student that through engaging in a broader understanding of these metrics, the reader can come to appreciate how integral parks such as Cleland are within t he current society. Firstly, and perhaps most obviously, parks such as Cleland allow the wildlife within its borders to be protected from the dangers/hazards that might exist for them in an unprotected area. Although it is true that hunting and other such activities are heavily regulated within Australia, the danger posed by vehicles and human expansion into habitat and territory of this wildlife is something that natural areas of protect against. Furthermore, by designating a specific result in which wildlife can exist in its natural form, without the hazards of human interference, and beneficial sanctuaries created in which an unadulterated ecosystem can survive and thrive. Moreover, as the animals within the natural area are reduced from human dependence, the way in which they exhibit natural behaviors of interacting with their ecosystems maximized; once again promoting a more instinctual level of development that could otherwise exist in a situation in which such parks were not

Discussion point Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Discussion point - Essay Example The point in this scenario is to make a choice in regard to prioritizing which debt to clear first. Michael needs to understand that it his legal obligation to pay his mother since it was a loan which is legally binding. However, the loan seems to have been unsecured because it was leased and in line with the evidently missing Personal Property Security Act (PPSA). There are two critical legal concepts that Michael need to understand in regard to his mother. It is not indicated if they perfected any collateral towards the loan and this means that in the event he could not raise the loan, the mother cannot claim anything. However, considering the case of Golf, in the event that Michael failed to honor his lease obligation, VW would repossess the Golf. In an attempt to avoid bankruptcy from the debts including the loan he owes the mother, Michael has Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act at his disposal in which he can make a proposal of paying only a portion of the debts e.g. paying back 50 c ents for every dollar

The Role Of The Chorus In Sophocles English Literature Essay

The Role Of The Chorus In Sophocles English Literature Essay The Chorus plays a crucial role in the overall development of any Greek tragedy; they are responsible for providing the overall background and summary information of the play, alongside they interact with characters to develop the personalities of characters and drive the plot. However, both Sophocles and Aeschylus slightly adjust their attributes and overall significance in their plays. Through the explicit analysis of the function of the chorus, I hope to shed light on the similarities and differences in their duty within the respective plays. Right from the start in Antigone, it is clear that the chorus is composed mainly of male elders [that] represents the point of view of an average section of society, representing the extent of the patriarchal society in which the play is set and Antigone despised. However, it did automatically credit the chorus for the information and words of wisdom passed on because the elders themselves were once warriors and fought in battles in the past however with age they are limited to demonstrating their skills in words. As such, from the start of the play they can be seen to take on the role of advisors to King Creon. Throughout the play, the chorus can be seen responding to Creons actions as seen in line 204 when the Chorus states that No one is such a fool that he is in love with death, explaining to the King that no human would be foolish enough to defy the words of Creon, thus the act of burying must have been the God will. The Chorus is the first to suggest to Creon the religious implications of the dispute in regards to Polyneices and try to moderate between Haemon and Creon, however they are merely ignored and turned away from Creon; it is not only till Creon feels confused and distressed that the Chorus is able to uphold and be taken seriously. As such, the Chorus seems to prefer a cautious, discreet approach to matter, quite in contrast to the individualist, tragic heroism of the main character, Antigone in other words, the chorus has its continuous share in the drama, and has, in one way or another, its contribution to make, due regard being paid to its somewhat indefinite power. Indeed, this approach taken by the Chorus is vital in driving the plot of the play, as In addition, at first glance the chorus in Antigone may be misinterpreted as being fragile and feeble; indeed, it only seem to echo the commands and desires of King Creon, and does not stand up for themselves and take position with the rebellious Antigone. This is not an accident on Sophocles behalf. As observed throughout the play, the purposeful yielding as demonstrated by the chorus further enhances the impression of imperative nature of Creon against Antigone and the rest of the Greek population. From the above, it is clear that the Chorus plays a major role in the overall development of Antigone. Indeed, without the presence of the characteristic catalyst of the Chorus, Creon would never have changed is personality which would have led to the ultimate condemnation and death of Antigone the inevitable tragedy of the heroine. In Aeschylus Agamemnon, the Chorus can be seen to be acting as the narrative pendulum with time, interchanging between the past and present. This is in particular seen in the Parados where the Chorus creates a delaying effect; the storyline heads backwards rather than forwards in time, unlike the Watchmans speech which is substantially set in the present. The chorus in Agamemnon is composed mainly of old men fathers of sons who fought and died at the Battle Troy. The status of having fought in past battles and being able to recall the events bestows them with a form of credibility and ascendancy as old age leaves me fit for bravery only in song, which contracts their physical state physically unable to fight due to age. However, despite this physical disability they remain mentally strong and thus when it comes to advising Agamemnon the Chorus retains their confidence, unlike the Chorus in Antigone. However, quite in contrast, the Chorus in Agamemnon were born to sorrow. Indeed, such feeling of grief originates from the continuous agitation of their king, King Agamemnon. There are numerous reasons for the Chorus sorrow they believe that he has demonstrated disrespect and audacity against the Greek gods, know of the Kings refusal of an offer of alliance from his enemies from Argos and guiltily acknowledge that they themselves suggested adverse thoughts against Agamemnon. From such descriptions one can easily attest and justify the corruption and feebleness of the king. However, the victory in the expedition to Troy acted as a major counterweight against such negative portrayal and can be instead be seen as the agent of Zeus and the leader of a crusade to enforce Zeus justice. With such contradictions, it was inevitable for the chorus to become disarray when allegorizing and illustrating Agamemnon. Indeed, he was, in present, a national hero; his success in Troy has resulted in t he ever-increasing abundance and happiness for the Greek empire, almost as if Zeus himself showed respect to him. However, in his past, the wrongs which he has committed are too severe to be simply disregarded. Thus, the first difference between the role of the chorus appears: in Agamemnon, the chorus seems to, in addition to providing the basic historiography to set the scene, examine the happenings of the past and then make a general statement of the will of the gods as seen in these events in other words, they ponder on throughout the entire play as to whether Agamemnon is a good king or not. In addition, one may argue that their [the Chorus] wisdom seems apparent in their recognition of the justice inherent in the world. Indeed, throughout the novel Aeschylus purposely sets out the scenario such that an act of justice just further adds and enhances the injustice already present, where the narration and interpretation of such events affects the audience, urging them to consider the ethical conflict, engaging them into emotional involvement of the play. Aeschylus uses the Chorus to repeat several key words to help emphasize certain points to reveal the poets intent. As seen through the repetition of Zeus and telos two words which Clytamnestra continuously repeats in her prayers the theme of justice is integrated in the play. This adds to the tension, as to whether the ruling and authority of King Creon overrules that of the Gods. In comparison to Antigone, the Parados in Agamemnon is very long, but Aeschylus makes it vivid by using symbolism, similes and descriptive imagery. He divides the ode into chronological sections to help the audience focus on the narrative of the play, from the setting of the play, especially the abduction of Helen and the anger of the Gods to omens and sacrifice of Iphigenia. In varying the pace and rhythm of these sections Aeschylus highlights the choruss tone and their reaction to certain events; for example the metaphorical abduction of Helen and Zeuss anger over the betrayal of Menelaus hospitality. In conclusion, it is apprehensible that the role of the chorus in Antigone and Agamemnon share some similarities; they play crucial roles in enlightening the audience with the necessary background information thus setting the scene, and also developing the plot of the texts. Furthermore the Chorus in both texts reflects on many important aspects of Greek life Gods, omens, prophecies, sacrifices and justice this legal imagery is important in the play because it relates to Greek society. However, their roles differ in the two plays in such way that whilst in Antigone the chorus cowers from the King which in effect amplifies the tyrannical image of Creon and thus stirs up the audience sympathy with Antigone, whilst in Agamemnon the Chorus seem to analyze the good and bad of Agamemnon and provoke the audience to determine as to whether he is an honourable king.

Indigenous and Global Feminist Perspectives on the Women of Chiapas Ess

Indigenous and Global Feminist Perspectives on the Women of Chiapas Women's reproductive health is a debated and complex issue in today's society. Nowhere is its severity more prevalent than in areas of extreme poverty such as south and Central America. The resolution to these problems is far from simple. Yet, women are increasingly taking control of their lives and forming groups to combat many of the prejudices that hold them back. However highly debated some tactics for resolution may be it is hard to miss the shear urgency with which the issues of women's rights and health call us. The fight for gender equality cannot overlook the importance of equality in health care and control over one's own body. Women's health is an issue that passes along its concerns to another generation every time a child is born. Before being able to discuss women's issues in third world countries, it was important to find an area of study. For this, I chose Chiapas, Mexico. Chiapas is a place where the true effects of capitalism are felt on a daily basis. Upon the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the lives of the indigenous people living in Chiapas changed dramatically. Acorrding to Jeeni Criscenzo, author of Some Personal Observations on the Reasons Behind the Events in Chiapas, "(Mexican leaders) entered into trade agreements with foreign interests (NAFTA) that at US insistence, made changes to their constitution that effectively ended Indian communal land right making it possible for Foreign corporations to take Indian land and resources" (Criscenzo 2). But why did our government, and that of Mexico allow this to happen? Ms. Criscenzo answers that question with the following statement, "In the world of internati... .... (1999): 1-12 "Men's Involvement in Women's Reproductive Health Projects and Programmes in the Philippines: part 1 of 2." Reproductive Health Matters 7. 14. (1999): 1-9 Nazar-Beutelspacher. "Education and Nonuse of Contraceptives Among Poor Women in Chiapas Mexico (Part one)." International Family Planning Perspectives 25. 3. (1999): 1-7 Nazar-Beutelspacher. "Education and Nonuse of Contraceptives Among Poor Women in Chiapas Mexico (Part two)." International Family Planning Perspectives 25. 3. (1999):1-6 "Report from San Cristobal." (1998): 4-9. Online. Internet. 3/28/00 http://www/criscenzo.com/jaguar/report.html Shadows of Tender Fury. Bardacke and LÃ ³pez. New York: Montly Review Press, 1995. 161 "Some Personal Observations on the Reasons Behind the Events in Chiapas." (1998):5. Online. Internet. 3/28/00. http://www.criscenzo.com/jaguar/report.html

Credit Appraisal Process of Sbi

APJEM Arth  Prabhand:  A  Journal  of  Economics  and  Management  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vol. 2  Issue  1,  January  2013,  ISSN  2278? 0629 CREDIT APPRAISAL PROCESS OF SBI: A CASE STUDY OF BRANCH OF SBI IN HISAR NANCY ARORA*; DR. ARTI GAUR**; MS. BABITA*** *Student, Department of Business Administration, CDLU, Sirsa. **Assistant  Professor, Department of Business Administration, CDLU, Sirsa. **Teaching Associate, Department of Business Administration, CDLU, Sirsa. ABSTRACT Credit risk is a risk related to non repayment of the credit obtained by the customer of a bank. Thus it is necessary to appraise the credibility of the customer in order to mitigate the credit risk.Proper evaluation of the customer is performed this measures the financial condition and the ability of the customer to repay back the loan in future. Credit Appraisal is a process to ascertain the risks associated with the extension of the credit facility. It is generally carried by the financial inst itutions which are involved in providing financial funding to its customers. In this paper, we study the Credit Risk Assessment Model of SBI Bank and to check the commercial, financial & technical viability of the project proposed & its funding pattern.Also to observe the movements to reduce various risk parameters which are broadly categorized into financial risk, business risk, industrial risk and management risk. The scope of the paper is restricted to branch of SBI in Hisar. Pinnacle  Research  Journals  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www. pinnaclejournals. com  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   KEYWORDS: Credit Risk Assessment Model, Credit Appraisal, Technical Viability. _____________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Credit appraisal means an investigation/assessment done by the bank prior before providing any loans & advances/project finance & also checks the commercial, financial & technical viability of the project proposed its funding pattern & further checks the primary & collateral security cover available for recovery of such funds. Credit Appraisal is a process to ascertain the risks associated with the extension of the credit facility. It is generally carried by the financial institutions which are involved in providing financial funding to its customers.BASIC TYPES OF CREDIT There are four basic types of credit. By understanding how each works, you will be able to get the most for your money and avoid paying unnecessary charges. APJEM Arth  Prabhand:  A  Journal  of  Economics  and  Management  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vol. 2  Issue  1,  January  2013,  ISSN  2278? 0629 1. Service credit is monthly payments for utilities such as telephone, gas, electricity, and water. You often have to pay a deposit, and you may pay a late charge if your payment is not on time. 2. Loans let you borrow cash. Loans can be for small or large amounts and for a few days or several years.Money can be repaid in one lump sum or in several regular payments until the amount you borrowed and the finance charges are paid in full. Loans can be secured or unsecured. 3. Installment credit may be described as buying on time, financing through the store or the easy payment plan. The borrower takes the goods home in exchange for a promise to pay later. Cars, major appliances, and furniture are often purchased this way. You usually sign a contract, make a down payment, and agree to pay the balance with a specified number of equal payments called installments. The finance charges are included in the payments.The item yo u purchase may be used as security for the loan. 4. Credit cards are issued by individual retail stores, banks, or businesses. Using a credit card can be the equivalent of an interest-free loan–if you pay for the use of it in full at the end of each month. CREDIT APPRAISAL PROCESS Receipt of application from applicant | Receipt of documents (Balance sheet, KYC papers, Different govt. registration no. , MOA, AOA, and Properties documents) | Pre-sanction visit by bank officers | Check for RBI defaulters list, willful defaulters list, CIBIL data, ECGC caution list, etc. Title clearance reports of the properties to be obtained from empanelled advocates | Valuation reports of the properties to be obtained from empanelled valuer/engineers | Preparation of financial data | Proposal preparation | Assessment of proposal | Sanction/approval of proposal by appropriate sanctioning authority | Documentations, agreements, mortgages | Disbursement of loan Pinnacle  Research  Journals  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www. pinnaclejournals. com APJEM Arth  Prabhand:  A  Journal  of  Economics  and  Management  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vol. 2  Issue  1,  January  2013,  ISSN  2278? 0629 Post sanction activities such as receiving stock statements, review of accounts, renew of accounts, etc (On regular basis) REVIEW OF LITERATURE Uwe (2005)13 analysed and further development of the building blocks of modern credit risk management: Definitions of default; Estimation of default probabilities; Exposures; Recovery Rates; Pricing; Concepts of portfolio dependence; Time horizons for risk calculations; Quantification of portfolio risk; Estimation of risk measures; Portfolio analysis and portfolio improvement; Evaluation and comparison of credit risk models; Analytic portfolio loss distributions.Christian (2006)15 focused on the changing intensity of three policies that are commonly associa ted with financial repression, namely interest rate controls, statutory preemption and directed credit as well as the effects these policies had. The main findings are that the degree of financial repression has steadily increased between 1960 and 1980, and then declined somewhat before rising to a new peak at the end of the 1980s. Since the start of the overall economic reforms in 1991, the level of financial repression has steadily declined.Despite the high degree of financial repression, no statistically significant negative effects on savings, capital formation and financial development could be established which is contrary to the predictions of the financial liberalization hypothesis. Arnoud and Anjan (2007)17 study appear as the lead chapter in a readings book on corporate finance, financial intermediation and market micro structure. The unifying theme in the book is optimal design, and various chapters deal with the design of contracts, securities, institutions, market mecha nisms, and regulation from an information-theoretic perspective.Each chapter in the book is an original review article that seeks to synthesize the literature in a given area. Six topics are covered: design of contracts and securities; market microstructure; credit market implications of bank size, scope and structure; bank regulation; and finally the interaction between interbank competition, regulation and banking stability. Gary (2009)28 examined that the ‘shadow banking system' at the heart of the current credit crisis is, in fact, a real banking system – and is vulnerable to a banking panic.Indeed, the events starting in August 2007 are a banking panic. A banking panic is a systemic event because the banking system cannot honor its obligations and is insolvent. Unlike the historical banking panics of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the current banking panic is a wholesale panic, not a retail panic. In the earlier episodes, depositors ran to their banks and deman ded cash in exchange for their checking accounts. Unable to meet those demands, the banking system became insolvent.The current panic involved financial firms ‘running' on other financial firms by not renewing sale and repurchase agreements (repo) or increasing the repo margin (‘haircut'), forcing massive leveraging, and resulting in the banking system being insolvent. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The present paper is a case study which is restricted to branch of SBI in Hisar. The objective of research paper is to study the Credit Risk Assessment Model of SBI Bank and to check the commercial, financial & technical viability of the project proposed & its funding pattern. To observe the movements to reduce various risk parameters which are broadly categorized intoPinnacle  Research  Journals  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 http://www. pinnaclejournals. com APJEM Arth  Prabhand:  A  Journal  of  Economics  and  Managem ent  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vol. 2  Issue  1,  January  2013,  ISSN  2278? 0629 financial risk, business risk, industrial risk & management risk. For the purpose, the secondary data is collected through the Books & magazines, Database at SBI, Websites, E-circulars of SBI. DATA ANALYSIS A) CREDIT RISK ASSESSMENT & APPRAISAL PROCESS OF SBI CREDIT RISK ASSESSMENT RISK: Risk is inability or unwillingness of borrower-customer or counter-party to meet their repayment obligations/ honor their commitments, as per the stipulated terms.LENDER’ TASK †¢ †¢ Identify the risk factors, and Mitigate the risk RISK ARISE IN CREDIT: In the business world, Risk arises out of †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Deficiencies / lapses on the part of the management (Internal factor) Uncertainties in the business environment (External factor) Uncertainties in the industrial environment (External factor) Weakness in the financial position (Internal factor) TO PUT IN ANOTHER WAY, SUCCESS FACTORS BEHIND A BUSINESS ARE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pinnacle  Research  Journals  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www. pinnaclejournals. om  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Managerial ability Favorable business environment Favorable industrial environment Adequate financial strength CREDIT & RISK †¢ †¢ †¢ Go hand in hand. They are like twin brothers. They can be compared to two sides of the same coin. APJEM Arth  Prabhand:  A  Journal  of  Economics  and  Management  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vol. 2  Issue  1,  January  2013,  ISSN  2278? 0629 †¢ All credit proposals have some inherent risks, excepting the almost negligible volume of lending against liquid collaterals with adequate margin.LENDING DESPITE RISKS †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ So, risk should not deter a Banker from lending. A banker’s task is to identify/ assess the risk factors/ parameters & manage / mitigate them on a continuous basis. But it’s always prudent to have some idea about the degree of risk associated with any credit proposal. The banker has to take a calculated risk, based on risk-absorption/ risk-hedging capacity & risk-mitigation techniques of the Bank. CREDIT RISK ASSESSMENT (CRA) – MINIMUM SCORES / HURDLE RATES 1.The CRA models adopted by the Bank take into account all possible factors which go into appraising the risks associated with a loan. These have been categorized broadly into financial, business, industrial & management risks and are rated separately. To arrive at the overall risk rat ing, the factors duly weighted are aggregated & calibrated to arrive at a single point indicator of risk associated with the credit decision. 2. FINANCIAL PARAMETERS: The assessment of financial risk involves appraisal of the financial strength of the borrower based on performance & financial indicators.The overall financial risk is assessed in terms of static ratios, future prospects & risk mitigation (collateral security / financial standing). Pinnacle  Research  Journals  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www. pinnaclejournals. com 3. INDUSTRY PARAMETERS: The following characteristics of an industry which pose varying degrees of risk are built into Bank’s CRA model: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Competition Industry outlook Regulatory risk Contemporary issues like WTO etc. 4. MANAGEMENT PARAMETERS: The management of an enterprise / group is rated on the following parameters: †¢ Integrity ( corporate governance) †¢ Track recordAPJEM Arth  Prabhand:  A  Journal  of  Economics  and  Management  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vol. 2  Issue  1,  January  2013,  ISSN  2278? 0629 †¢ Managerial competence / commitment †¢ Expertise †¢ Structure & systems †¢ Experience in the industry †¢ Credibility : ability to meet sales projections †¢ Credibility : ability to meet profit (PAT) projections †¢ Payment record †¢ Strategic initiatives †¢ Length of relationship with the Bank 5. The risk parameters as mentioned above are individually scored to arrive at an aggregate score of 100 (subject to qualitative factors – negative parameters).The overall score thus obtained (out of a max. of 100) is rated on a 8 point scale from SB1/SBTL1 to SB 8 /SBTL8. SALIENT FEATURES OF CRA MODELS (A) TYPE OF MODELS S. No. (i) (ii) Exposure Level (FB + NFB Limits ) Over Rs. 5. 00 crore Rs 0. 25 crore to Rs. 5. 00 crore Non – Trading S ector (C&I , SSI , AGL) Regular Model Simplified Model Trading Sector ( Trade & Services) Regular Model Simplified Model Pinnacle  Research  Journals  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www. pinnaclejournals. com

The Shawnee Tribe

The Shawnee Tribe Did you know that the Shawnee Indian tribe is a fascinating tribe? I recently have learned that they are nomads. Nomads are people who travel instead of settling in one place. Southern Ohio, West Virginia, and western Pennsylvania were a couple of states they once lived in. Until around 1660 Iroquois drove out the tribe to southern Carolina, Tennessee’s Cumberland basin, eastern Pennsylvania, and southern Illinois. They had tried to return, but again they were forced to leave by American settlers.The settlers pushed them first to Missouri and then to Kansas, but the Shawnee people settled in Oklahoma after the Civil War. The Shawnee survived using various methods of hunting and gathering. Both men and women had responsibilities in providing food. They hunted many animals including deer, squirrel, turkey, raccoon, bear, muskrat, rabbit, and ducks/geese. They set traps for the animals, and they disguised themselves to blend in with their surroundings to get clo se enough to club or shoot them. People never wasted anything; they used all the different parts for different things.In January and February they hunted beaver for their pelts and meat to trade with the settlers. In the summer time they, and during fall, groups of men and women would leave the village and hunt. Small temporary lodges were used. Another way to get food was to plant or gather it. They planted beans, squash, corn, pumpkins, and melons but corn was their main food. They gathered wild berries, nuts, maple, roots, and wild honey. In the springtime women planted crops and summer through fall they gathered wild plants and fruits.Tapping maple trees for sap was another thing they did. Raiding beehives was also popular to get honey. The women were mostly responsible for planting, harvesting, and taking care of crops. Roles for people are very important because the people would know what their job was and what other’s jobs were. Men were very important because they mos tly hunted, carved wood into ladles, bowls, and spoons, were in charge of politics and war, and were warriors. Women had many roles, but some were harder than others. They built homes and fires, dressed the game, cooked, lanted crops, scraped skins and tanned hides, made clothing, wove blankets, and made vessels of clay. They also served as advisors of peace and war. They managed all farming activities and ceremonies in the village. Both men and women took part in storytelling, artwork, music, and traditional medicine. Young girls learned from their mothers how to gather wild foods, plant crops, care for children and perform household duties. Boys were taught to hunt and fight from their fathers. At age nine, boys began special training and self-discipline. Parents were strict, and the children were seldom punished.They were expected to be the judge of their own behavior. However, the parents expected high standards of behavior and responsibility. Special jobs of the Shawnee tribe i ncluded being a chief. Chiefs would handle problems and activities, good or bad and also dealt with problems that could not be resolved by individuals or families. War chiefs protected the tribe from enemy attack and decided when to go to war. They had to prove themselves in battle as leaders and warriors. Chiefs inherited their positions as peace, clan, or war chiefs. Peace chiefs could also call-off a war.The Thawikila and Chalaakaatha divisions were in charge of governing the people and chiefs came from one of the two divisions. Membership for one of the five divisions was inherited by the father’s side. Clothing of the Shawnee was homemade and you had to make your own clothes in order to stay warm. Deerskin clothing was what most Shawnee people wore. During the winter, men and women added loose shirts and leggings and would also wrap themselves in buffalo robes or fur cloaks made of bear or moose skins. Decorations were important to the tribe. They dyed clothing, porcupin e quills; and feathers and points were also used.Men wore headdresses made of animal fur and decorated them with feathers from a bird of prey such as an eagle, hawk, or owl. Men mostly wore shirts and leggings and women wore shirts with leggings or dresses. After contact with the European traders, the Shawnee began to own glass beads which they used on their clothing. Jewelry included silver pins, necklaces, and bracelets for women. Men liked to wear silver nose rings and earrings. Dances, music, and ceremonies were all important to the Shawnee tribe. Spring held a dance named â€Å"Spring Bread Dance† in which they prayed for plentiful crops.In the summer they held the â€Å"Green Corn Dance† in celebration for the growing of corn. Fall held the â€Å"Fall Bread Dance† where they prayed that game would be plentiful also and gave thanks for the harvest. Musical instruments included skin drums, gourd rattles, deer-hoofed rattles and sometimes reed flutes. Many di fferent tools were used by the Shawnee and they needed them to survive. They used hammers made of stone or other hard substance, some had handles and some did not. Knives and saws were made of shells, stone, or other materials. Borers were natural tools used for making holes in soft or hard objects.An axe was another tool made of shells, iron, or copper. The blade could easily turn at a right angle. It was held with your hands or attached in various ways to a handle by a rawhide. Some other weapons are bows and arrows, stone tomahawks, spears, and chipped flint arrow points. Homes and shelters were another item that was needed by the Shawnee. The home they lived in was called a wegiwa which were tree poles covered by bark or animal skin. The frame of the house was made of sapling tied together and covered with bark from elm or birch trees.When bark was not available animal skin was used. There were no windows and there was only one opening in one end for a door and a hole in the mid dle of the roof for the smoke from the cooking fire. In a pit in the middle of the floor is where they burned the fire. Inside walls were lined with raised wooden platforms that were used as beds. Homes were sometimes furnished with shelves, benches, and tables. The Shawnee’s way of life came to an end by splitting into small bands and moving away from others. The Shawnee had many wars with American settlers over land rights.One Native American named Tecumseh, who was an excellent communicator and military strategist, was admired greatly by the Shawnee. They followed his every command. During the Battle of Thames in 1813, Tecumseh was shot and killed. With his death the Shawnee people lost their spirit to fight. They then scattered and drifted in small bands into Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Some remained in Ohio. Between 1825 and 1900 the United States Government took more land rights away through various treaties. This led to more movement and most Shawn ee became part of a non-native society.The Shawnee tribe is so interesting and amazing. Shawnee people believe in one female God, Our Grandmother, and she created the earth and made people. When people grew old she scooped them up in nets and brought them to the sky. Also, the most sacred spirits to the Shawnee were Tobacco, Fire, Water, and Eagle. Daniel Boone was one of the most famous prisoners taken in war and was held for several months. During that time he made friends with them and participated in their games. When he went back to the settlers he realized that the Shawnee tribe was a friendly tribe.Another interesting fact about the Shawnee is that parents would plunge their babies into snow or freezing cold water every day for several months because they wanted to make their children tougher. The Shawnee tribe was fun to study and I learned a lot about their way of life and history. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bial, Raymond. The Shawnee. Tarrytown, New York. Benchmark Books, 2004. Flanagan , Alice K. The Shawnee. Canada. Children’s Press, 1998. Mattern, Joanne. The Shawnee Indians. Manakato, Minnesota. Bridgestone Books, 2001. Yacowitz, Caryn. Shawnee Indians. Chicago, Illinois. Heinemann Library, 2003. Additional research includes many websites